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Vine land 



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ILLUSTRATED BY 
THE ELECTRO-TINT ENGRAVING CO. 

72^ SANSOM ST., 
PHILADELPHIA. 






COPYRIGHT 1897 BY 
D. O. KELLOGG. 



C. C. BIRDJR; 

PHOTOGRAPHER 



L. L. BUCK\11N5TER. 

PRINTER. 



Illustrated Vineland. 



NATURAL FEATURES OF SOUTH JERSEY. 

a 'BELT of green sand marls crosses the state of New 
Jersey near the surface, or exposed, from Raritan 
Bay to the Delaware River below Camden. It is a geo- 
logical boundary between North and South Jersey. Be- 
low this belt are deeper strata of marl sands extending 
far into Cumberland and Atkntic Counties. These strata 
are separated by beds of clay, the clay often mixed with 
heavy deposits of silica, but often again so free from ad- 
mixture as to furnish material for the manufacturers of 
builder's and firebrick, of drainage pipes, and of pottery. 
Tlie upper stratum of sand crops out along the valleys in 
beds of the purest glass sand ; a circumstance which gave 
rise" to one of the earliest and largest of the industries 
of the region. Above the upper clay level there lies a 
subsoil of red gravelly loam from ten to sixty feet in 
thickness, variously called drift, or yellow-gravel. This 
gravel is composed of quartz pebbles and feldspathic 
rock, in places concreted into free ironstone. Through 
these porus formations percolates the softest water, ob- 
tainable at depths of from twenty to thirty feet, even at 
the higher elevations, while deeper still a perfect water 
streams southerly, reached by driven or artesian wells. 

It will be seen therefore, that South Jersey is a sub- 
marine formation, covered by gravel depOvSited here by 
the river currents and tides. All of the formations nien- 

1 1 



2 ILLUSTRATED VIXELAND. 

tioned are colored in most places with oxide of iron, and 
so abundant is it in the lower marls that springs starting 
there bring it to the surface, where it is deposited as bog- 
iron in swamps and the channels of sluggish streams. 
As late as 1830 the smelting of this iron was extensively 
carried on, and some furnaces are still standing in Mon- 
mouth County. 

The surface of the uplands is gently rolling with a 
gradual sloping towards the sea on the east, and on the 
west towards the Delaware River and Bay. The aspect 
of the open country will remind one of the prairies west 
of the Mississippi. Within the memory of living men 
the greater part of this region was covered with the sec- 
ond forest growths that come in after the primeval trees 
have fallen under the axe. The humus of organic pro- 
ducts thus created has mingled with marly sands to make 
the soil of the uplands, in which the chemist, C. I. Jack- 
son, of Boston, found all the necessary ingredients for 
vegetation. The recent forests were chiefly formed of 
varieties of cedars, pines and oaks. It is necessary to 
know this much in order to understand some of the pecu- 
liarities of the Vineland area. 

Agriculturally the subsoil is so porous that the roots 
of plants penetrate it deeply in search of moisture, and in 
droughts cultivation sets up a capillary ascent of the 
water and brings it to the vegetation. When lands wdth 
a clay subsoil, even where the loam is deep and rich, are 
parched and cracked because the rains are withheld, and 
the sere foliage begins to fall, this region retains its 
verdancy. With diligent cultivation it is a farmer's par- 
adise in drought. 

The roads of the uplands of South Jersey are remark- 
able. Because the surface is so nearly level they are 
without steep or tiresome hills, and the track does not 
wash, a fact much to be appreciated by bicyclers and 



ILLUSTRATED VINKLAND. 3 

horses. But more than this, the gravel subsoil described 
is a natural Macadamized foundation. The drainnge is so 
perfect that the rain water of even protracted storms dis- 
appears from the surface in a few hours after the clouds 
have dispersed. Moreover, this foundation is of adam- 
antine hardness, and with the infiltration of lime would 
turn to stone. These roads are cheaply made and kept 
in order. It is only necessary to turn the underlying 
gravel at the sides on the top of the road and roll it down, 
and but little subsequent care is necessary. This region 
is the resort of bicyclers, and thither they come from the 
city to make their century runs. All of the 175 miles of 
streets and roads in Vineland are of this character, and it 
is estimated that in 1897 there were 1800 wheels owned 
by its residents ; a proportion probably exceeded nowhere 
in the United States. 

To this natural drainage, combined with the rare pu- 
rity of the air, is due the entire exemption of the people 
from malarial diseases. They are not known here, except 
as some invalid comes to shake off his agues and fevers. 
Many have come for that purpose and are riot disappoint- 
ed. Speaking of the "rapid absorption" of the rainfall, 
by which it is "conducted away through subterranean 
channels," a physician of long experience and accurate 
observation has written, "As a result, we escape those 
conditions under which, according to the popular theory, 
deleterious miasmatic exhalations are generated. At all 
events, 7iot a single case of intermittent jever^ that baneful 
malady of the South and West, has ever origijiated in 
Vinelu7id^ ' ' 



CLIMATE. 
TT7HE meteorological facts compiled in this chapter rest 
^1 upon the reports of the State Geological survey. 

The southern part of the state has an average height 
of 200 feet above-sea level along the divide between the 
Atlantic Ocean and the Delaware River. The surface is 
gently rolling to hilly and the elevations have no meas- 
urable effect upon the temperature. The prevailing west 
and southwest winds as they sweep across the Bay, are, 
no doubt, slightly cooled by it in the summer and autumn 
months, while later in the season the presence of such a 
body of water tends to raise the temperature. The sea- 
sous are 1° to 3° warmer than at Newark, N. J. The 
greatest difference is in winter, and this is due to the 
equalizing effects of nearness to the open sea. During 
fifteen years of consecutive observation, there were eight 
of them when there were no frosts in April. Of the other 
seven there was frost on an average of three days. All 
the southern counties of the state have a somewhat south- 
ern flora, and this more pronounced as the Delaware Bay 
is approached. Cotton has been raised in Vineland, and 
the evergreen Chinese box {^Eiionymus japoiiica) flour- 
ishes out of doors. 

The average annual rainfall at Vineland is 48.27 
inches. The highest monthly precipitation occurs in 
August, when the average is 6.09 ; the lowest in April, 
and is 3.12. By seasons the excess is in winter and 
spring. 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 5 

Observations of temperature for a period of twenty 
years, show that Vineland's isothermal line passes near 
Washington, across West Virginia into Kentucky, and 
then westerly near Cincinnati, but the heated terms are 
shorter and the nights cooler at this than at other points 
on this line. Vineland is in lat. 39° 29' and long. 75° 
01' or nearly on the meridian at which standard time is 
changed. Its mean temperature by seasons is 

Spring 50,58° 

Summer 74.73° 

Autumn 55.20° 

Winter 32.87° 
The mean for the year is 53.24° The winter mean is 
hardly 2'^ below that of Baltimore. In extreme annual 
range of thermometer the I variation is i^° less than at 
West Point and about the same as at Baltimore. 

Very few are the spots on the globe where the climate 
conditions are more conducive to comfort and health. 
Not until after Vineland had been founded was it discov- 
ered that Atlantic City was one of the finest winter 
sanitariums in the land ; an especially lequable resort for 
persons suffering from pulmonary troubles. Owing to 
this discovery, a seaside resort that thirty years ago was 
surrendered to care-takers in the winter has grown to 
have a permanent population of 18,000, most of them 
concerned with considerations of health. It is now al- 
leged by scientific officers of the state that Cape May 
County is not a whit behind Atlantic City in salubrity, 
and if possible has a still more equable ciimate. The 
fame of this has led to the lining of the whole shore be- 
tween these cities with summer resorts. But Vineland, 
from its inland conditions, has still higher claims, such 
as belong to Lakewood. An eminent Philadelphia phy- 
sician once averred that he had discovered the sanitary 
worth of both Lakewood and Vineland, and there was 



6 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

no choice on that score between them. 

Dr. John Ingram, who came to \Mneland in 1865 to 
escape the asthma, which he had contracted in the army, 
and became eminent for the accuracy of his scientific ob- 
servations, found Vineland notably salubrious for people 
suffering hibercular consumption^ pneumoiiia, cholera in- 
fantitni^ dysentery and rhcnmatism. A writer in the 
Medical Times says : 'South Jersey has become so well 
known through the country — particularly in New Eng- 
land and New York — as a desirable place of residence for 
sufferers from pulmonary complaints and asthma, that 
two large settlements — \''ineland is one — have been form- 
ed largely of persons seeking this favorable climate for 
relief. My attention was first called to these facts in 
1863-4, while examining drafted men and volunteers, as 
examining surgeon for the army. ''^ '•' Diseases of the 
kidneys and bladder are relieved and frequently cured by 
a residence of persons in South Jersey. * * It is a 
matter of remark by those coming to this part of the 
State, that, — sick or well — they eat more, sleep better and 
feel stronger than elsewhere. ' ' All these medical testi- 
monies are authenticated by the experience of hundreds 
who have come to Vineland, some as invalids, many as 
pleasure seekers, to whom the invigoration of the place 
was a surprise. 



ORIGINAL CONDITION. 

"Ti^INELAND was not at first the legal title of any poli- 
Vr tical area, but the prophetic name of a large tract of 
land that became the property of one man. The name was 
extended as he added to this estate. From the principal 
railroad station the sea is distant 28 miles to the east, and 
Delaware Bay i^ miles to the south. By rail Philadel- 
phia is 34 miles away. Bridgetou 12 miles, and Millville 
nearly 6 miles. Of seaside resorts Ocean City is 5 1 miles 
away ; Cape May, 47 ; Holly Beach, 45 ; Wildwood, 44 ; 
Atlantic City, 39 ; and Sea Isle, 35 : while the famous re- 
sorts of gunners and amateur fishermen are Anglesea, 43 
miles away ; Corson's Inlet, 44 miles ; Avalon, 39 miles; 
and Maurice River Cove, a place renowned for its oysters, 
22 miles. 

The Vineland tract, while lying for the most part in 
Cumberland County, also stretches into Atlantic and 
Gloucester Counties. It comprises 35,000 acres and is 
bounded on the west by Maurice River, a stream that has 
on it several developed water-powers, notably a fine pond 
for bathing, fishing and boating at Willow Grove on the 
north-west, and the largest artificial lake in New Jer- 
sey, Union Mill Pond, the head of which lies near the 
South Vineland line. Both these ponds are resorts of 
picnic parties. From Maurice River to Tuckahoe Road, 
the eastern boundary, Landis Avenue stretches midway 
across the tract for ten miles. Nearly two miles east of 

Maurice River eight miles of the track of the West Jersey 

7 



o ILLUvST]<ATED VINELAND. 

and Seashore R. R. run at right angles to this avenue, 
8° east of north, through Vineland. On it are the vil- 
lages of North and South Vineland. 

Five small tributaries of the river rise on the tract; 
the Manavvayat the north line; the Blackwater, the long- 
est of all and having an eight mile course; the tiny Robin; 
and, crossing the railroad a mile above South Vineland, 
the Parvin Branches. In East Vineland is the Panther 
Branch, which receives the confluent waters of two 
small streams where it enters the Manantico River near 
the southern line of the tract. These streams aie called 
"branches." and, until they were cleared up, drained 
very considerable cedar swamps. At the Baptist Church 
on Landis Ave. the elevation is 1 18 feet above mean tide; 
at the railroad stations it is 97 feet at North Vineland, 
109.9 at Vineland, and 93.5 at South Vineland. East of 
Vineland the drainage is by the Great Egg Harbor and 
the Tuckahoe Rivers into the Atlantic. The average 
slope of the land is nine feet to the mile; a descent which 
renders these streams available for the creation of water- 
power. 

In 1 86 1 the tract described was a second growth of a 
wilderness of cedars, pines, oaks, and coppice. It was an 
Eden for birds, as well as for gnats and mosquitoes. The 
red deer had runways through the woods; the opossum 
dozed in the branches; the grey fox prowled in the under- 
brush; some belated brown bears had not yet left their 
coverts here; the mink and the otter could be trapped on 
the streams. To this day hunters come to pursue game 
like this in the unreclaimed wilderness over towards 
Tuckahoe, and the more skilful do not go away with emp- 
ty bags. In the open season the tract is shot over for 
quail, rabbits, squirrels, coons, and opossums. 

On the northern edge of this wilderness there were 
the hamlets of Plea.santville, Forest Grove and Buena 



ILLUSTRATED VINKLAND. 9 

Vista, going from west to east. From a score of cabins 
or huts of native wccd-chcppers and charcoal-burners, 
smoke curled among the trees. The principal clearing 
was the farm of Andrew Sharp, on Main near Park Ave. 
It was reached by a half-stumped wagon track from the 
railroad, called Maul's Bridge Road. Sharp had 

been sent hither by Richard D. Wood, a large land own- 
er, to test the agricultural capabilities of the place. 

' Three highways crossed the tract ; Malaga Road on 
the west, which w^as the turnpike from Camden to 
Millville, and on it was a small tarvern near the present 
Oak Road, where the stages sometimes called ; Main Ave- 
nue, (then called Horse Bridge Road, from a tradition 
that there w^as mired and lost on it a horse belonging to 
a fleeing part cf Cornwallis's army in 1776, when his 
Hessians were driven by Washington from Trenton), 
connecting Millville with Williamstown in Gloucester 
County ; and Lincoln Avenue running obliquely from 
Millville to Buena Vista. These, in improved condition, 
are still fine rural thoroughfares. It is interesting to 
know that the tavern referred to came :o be the property 
of the Norwegian novelist and professor, Hjalmar H. 
Boyesen, and there his venerable father, a retired army 
officer under King Oscar I., died in 1896. 

The railroad already spoken of was, in 1861, an inde- 
pendent and recent line named from its termini the 
"Millville and Glassboro R. R." It was twenty-two 
miles long, had been built and equipped at a cost of $188- 
000 by owners of adjoining lands, and it connected with 
the Philadelphia and Bridgeton road at Glassboro. A 
short spur of a mile and a half ran to Wilson's Mill at 
Forest Grove and furnished the only station on the 
tract. The road was operated by four lessees, one of 
whom, Stephen A Garrison of Millville. was general 
superintendent, another was machinist, a third conductor, 



lO ILLUSTRATED \aXELAND. 

while the fourth, George Chew, was locomotive engineer, 
baggage-master and freight ofhce. This office was fur- 
nished with a tin box containing unpaid bills Qf lading,, 
and once a fortnight Chew visited the patrons of the road 
with his box, to collect di>es. In 1863 the road became 
a part of the West Jersey Company's system. 

Of the tract now described much was held in large 
lots by old South Jersey families, as the Elmers, Nixons, 
Garrisons and Moores, some having acquired it by inher- 
itance and some to secure wood and charcoal. The 
greater part of it was owned by Richard D. Wood of 
Philadelphia, who received it from his brother. 



THE PLANNING. 

/^HARLES K. Landis, born in Philadelphia, bred to 
w the law, practiced in conveyancing, engaged in 1857 
with R. J. Byrnes in founding the rural town of Han> 
monton, Atlantic County, where he proved the agricul- 
tural capabilities of the uplands of Southern Jersey. At 
twenty-eight years of age he had obtained control of 35,- 
000 acres, of which 22,000 came from Richard D. Wood« 
and he proceeded to put into execution a well- matured 
scheme of development and settlement. His purpose he 
has thus averred, "I proposed to build up a city which 
would be filled with manufactories, shops, and stores for 
mercantile purposes, and halls for public recreation, and 
private residences, and surround this mile square of city, 
as far as the boundaries of the land would reach, with 
farms, gardens, orchards and vineyards. 

Vineland enjoys the rare experience of being a suc- 
cessful community wrought out on a prescribed plan. 
The venture was purely a business one, and if any aes- 
thetic duty or moral restraint were imposed on his colonist 
Mr. Landis looked to success to prove its sagacity. He 
knew that his profit lay in the welfare of the settler. As 
an absolute proprietor he was able to impose his require- 
ments by embodying them in his contract to convey titles 
to lands. 

Every purchaser, whether of town lot or of farm, 
agreed to enter upon and improve it within a year. The 
building was of less account than residence and cultiva- 

11 



12 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

tion, and, at the outset, some dwellings went up on the 
best streets that were only newer and cleaner than the 
huts of the wood-choppers that they displaced. 

In the city reserve no dwelling could stand within 
twenty feet of the dedicated street line, and on farms ev- 
ery building must be seventy-five feet back from the road. 
Settlers engaged to plant trees along the highways, and 
where the street was very wide to plant them in double 
rows, and they further undertook to seed the space in 
front of their buildings and two and a half acres to grass. 

Surface treatment of sewage under the inspection of a 
health patrol was ordained, and no cesspool was lawful 
where its contents could contaminate the subterranean 
flow of water. Water-tight receptacles of earth, closets 
were made auxiliary to the frequent stated removal of 
their contents, and their utilization in innocuous form as 
fertilizers. 

It was also apart of the founder's policy to permit no 
speculation in unimproved lands. He proclaimed a fixed 
price for them, from which no deviation was permitted. 
Under such a system no interloper could hope to succeed 
in selling wild lands above his prices, and so strongly did 
the first settlers approve this policy that the}* would toler- 
ate no real estate agency in Vineland but the pro]^rietor's. 

The center of the intersection of Landis Ave and the 
railroad is the center of the original city plot. The rail- 
road track is the center of a Boulevard 200 feet wide 
running across \'ineland. The square mile which Landis 
Ave. bisects at right angles to the railroad, is bounded b}' 
Park Ave. on the north and Chestnut Ave. on the south, 
and by East and West Avenues. Each of the avenues 
named is 100 feet wide, lined with double rows of shade 
trees on either side, between which the sidewalk rur.s 
like a ribbon between strips of green sward. This area 
is subdivided by minor streets sixty feet wide, each with 





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RESIDENCE OF P. P. BAKER, LANDIS AVENUE AND EIGHTH STREET 



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RESIDENCE OF REV. J. A. KL\(;SHURY, LANDIS AVENUE, NEAR EAST 







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HOISK OF R. e. SOIDFR, FIC.HIH A\I> MoMRo^L SIRFK'IS 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 13 

a row of trees lining the roadway on both sides. There 
are three numbered streets on each side of the Boulevard, 
Second, Third and Fourth being on the west, and Sixth, 
Seventh and Eighth on the east. The cross streets going 
north from Landis Ave. are Wood, Plum. Pear, of which 
the western half is given up to the track of the Central 
R. R. of New Jersey, and Peach; going south they are 
Elmer, Grape, Montrose, Almond. Quince and Cherry. 
The effect of spaciousness on all the avenues and streets 
is well-nigh doubled by the twenty feet of green swards, 
usually set with trees and shrubbery, between the build- 
ings and the streets. The dedication of the still wider 
seventy-five foot strips between the country roads and 
their buildings, to lawn and foliage and hedges, renders 
the views along those highways still more park-like and 
beautiful. 

Lands adjacent to the city plot are intersected by 
roads a half mile apart, except that east of Main Ave. 
they are usually a mile apart. They are at right angles 
to each other, except that Main and Lincoln Aves. diverge 
towards the east as they run northerly. Myrtle Ave., 
State Street and Columbia Ave, are streets running south 
from Landis Ave. beyond East Ave. and parallel to it. 
The ground here has been plotted comparatively recently 
into town lots by their owners. 

In 1885 Mr. Landis bought 3500 acres of wild land 
east of the Panther Creek and annexed it under the name 
of New Italy to the Vineland settlement. The names of 
the roads here remind one of the land of Dante and Pe- 
trarch. The central road has two bronze monuments 
resting on native ironstone pedestals placed half a mile 
apart; one representing a panther, and the other being a 
female figure of Cornucopia. This district is devoted to 
Italian colonizatian. In this new area one may see the 
process of Vineland 's settlement renewed, from the cabin 



14 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

on the unstumped clearing to the porchless frame house 
won by the thrifty cultivation of the soil. 

In the northeast corner of the junction of Park Ave. 
and the Boulevard is a tract of forty-five acres which the 
founder dedicated to the purposes of a public park. On 
it is a fine growth of indigenous pines zealously preserved 
from the vandal axes of the improvers and timber- hun- 
gerers. Otherwise the natural growths have been dis- 
placed by deciduous trees, firs and transplanted shrubl)ery. 
Good roads wind under the shade and along the glades of 
this grassy pleasure ground. 

Siloam Cemetery, originally a plot ot fifteen acres 
given by the founder to a society for mortuary rites, lies 
on Valley north of Park Ave. The art of the landscape 
gardener has traced its paths and roads, enclosed it with 
a flourishing hedge of spruce, shaded it with groups of 
trees and adorned it with flowering shrubs. There are 
here some fine specimens of sculpture and architecture. 
In 1870 another cemetery of ten acres was opened on 
Malaga road, and it took its name of Oak Hill from the 
native trees that cover its hillsides. It is southwest from 
the Borough. 

For the promotion of public spirit and civic pride the 
founder stimulated the celebration of holidays and there 
were four characteristic of Vineland, of which two are 
still observed, but hardly with their pristine life. These 
are the fourth of July and the eighth of August, or the 
anniversary of the founding of the settlement. Those 
which have fallen into disuse are the annual fair and the 
founder's Christmas reception. The early celebrations of 
the anniversary were memorable for their festival charac- 
ter. They were open-air affairs and took place in the 
Park, where addresses were delivered, often by eminent 
visitors, and they were duly reported by metropolitan 
newspapers. At the 12th anniversary the New York 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 15 

//(?;'<2/c/ estimated that 12,000 persons assembled to listen 
to the speeches. The founder's receptions ceased in 1876. 
His house was open till then on Christmas day to all 
Vinelanders of every age, and many visitors also attend- 
ed these receptions. 

Another element of the problem must be noted There 
was not in the Vineland enterprise a single factor that 
would bring to its infant nursing men of wealth. The 
place was to be built by those who should make wealth 
out of the soil and who had thews for work. The pro- 
prietor had an immense estate that he wished to make a 
fortune from, and the only practicable way to do this was 
to put toilers on it in due proportion of farmers, artisans 
and traders. If the place became beautiful and prosper- 
ous, men of independent fortune would come to enjoy it 
in due time. But work was the key to success at first. 
Hence, land was put at low prices on easy terms, say 
$150 for a city lot, farm lands at $20 and $25 an acre, in 
three annual installments. On such terms a family with 
$200 or $300 could begin. But it was further desirable 
that there should grow up a community cheerful and 
united, enthusiastic for Vineland, loyal to its welfare, 
home-loving, living amid evidences of taste and beauty, 
and by them growing in refinement and culture. 

This was the horoscope the founder cast for Vineland. 
and it has so far fulfilled the forecast that Vineland, mag- 
nificent in its foliage, canopied by tender skies as soft and 
clear as Athena from the Acropolis saw kissing the Ae- 
gean sea, enchanting in the colors that brighten its scen- 
ery, has become one of the loveliest of sylvan owns. 
These woodland beauties have been confirmed to it as a 
ceaseless heritage by a decision of the State Supreme 
Court so late as 1894, to the effect that neither private nor 
official hand could touch the trees once dedicated to the 
general use. Nor has Vineland gained this beauty for 



1 6 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

herself alone. Her example has transformed South Jersey 

" Go make thy garden fair as thou can'st; 

Thou workest never alone, 
Perchance he whose plot is next to thine 

Will see it and mend his own, " 




RESIDENCE OF GEORGE W. LEACH, LANDIS AVKNLK, NKAR KAST 




GAGE HOMESTEAD, LANDIS AND EAST AVENUES 





RKSIDKXCK OF K. A. I'lKKri,, KI.MKR SlRKKl', KAST OF SKVKNTH 



BEGINNINGS, 

EIGHTEEN days after McDowell's defeat at Bull 
Run, that is on the 8th of August 1861, Mr. Lan- 
dis came upon the Vineland tract with his workmen to 
begin his settlement. The engineer drove a stake between 
the rails of the railroad track to mark the centre of the 
town plot, and Mr. Landis began the clearing by cutting 
down the first tree. The lookers-on thought the man 
" out of his mind"; the natives regarded the enterprise 
as a Yankee innovation menacing their customs and in- 
vading their peace; the sceptical choppers counselled each 
other to be sure to get their pay on Saturday night. 

Labor for the work of felling trees, grubbing stumps, 
ditching and bridging was furnished by the inhabitants. 
These were an ignorant set, living in hired cabins with 
dirt floors, earning fifty cents a day, which were paid in 
orders on some Millville store where pork, meal and 
whiskey could be had. There were about twenty-five 
families of this sort on the tract. With the first gang 
employed no agreement as to wages was made and they 
apparently expected to be paid at the customary rates in 
the wonted orders. Great was their surprise on Saturday 
evening to receive a gold dollar each, gold being then at 
a small premium. One man objected to taking money, 
saying he did not know what to do with it. But it was 
part of the founder's plan not to degrade but to advance 
labor and inculcate habits of thrift. If labor were de- 

17 



l8 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

pressed how could he expect workmen to come here? 
Moreover, with these men he could give an object lesson 
as to the significance of Vineland. 

As soon as a few days of experience had shown who 
were industrious and reliable workmen they were called 
together, urged to save their earnings, offered contracts 
for ten acres of land at $20 an acre and an advance for 
building cheap homes, payment to be made in monthly 
installments, and deeds in fee-simple to follow on the 
completion of the payments. Most of the family men 
accepted the terms, clearing their land at odd hours and 
on holidays and putting in crops in the following spring. 
Of this experiment the founder has written, "This was 
the nucleus of the Settlement, and the way I solved the 
labor question. I will remark that every one of these 
men succeeded and got his deed, and there was not one of 
them with whom I had any trouble." 

The first station in Vineland was a platform on the 
south side of Landis Ave. , and from there a path was 
blazed out to Andrew Sharp's farm, where the proprietor 
established a land-office and a post-office of which he took 
charge in person. In his employment was one Orrin 
Packard, and he removed a cabin from the northeast 
corner of Main and Maple Aves.. where Pardon Gifford's 
fine farm now is, and remodeled the structure into what 
soon became known as "Packard's Hotel." On the old 
site there was erected a frame house for George L. Post, a 
retired sea captain, whose name Maple Ave., perpetuated 
until the town authorities changed it some years later. 
This was the first new house built in the Settlement. 
The first man to purchase a farm was an English cap- 
maker, named J. G. Colson, and he located ten acres on 
the west side of Boulevard near Wheat Road. This pur- 
chase was made 24th Oct., or just eleven weeks after the 
ever-memorable first stake was driven. 



IIvIvUSTRATKD ViNKIvAND. 19 

The next year Mr. Landis built a plain timber school 
house on the site now occupied by the Grove House and 
employed a teacher at his expense until there were enough 
settlers and pupils to organize a school district. In this 
house Presbyterians, Methodists. Episcopalians and Spir- 
itualists held their religious services in succession until 
such time as they were able to provide better accommoda- 
tions for themselves. The old yellow school-house has 
disappeared, but it was the religious as well as the schol- 
astic cradle of Vineland. This year about thirty families 
settled on the tract, the greater part of them purchasing 
farms preferably to city lots. Among them were J. C. 
Fuller from California, who opened a general store at the 
northeast corner of the Boulevard and Landis Ave., 
and Chester P. Davis of Vermont, who erected on the op- 
posite north corner "Davis's Hotel." This was a small 
one story affair with battened sides, which soon gave 
place to a more commodious building. The original 
structure was given to the Historical Society and re- 
moved to the lots on Wood St., donated by the found- 
er. In it the post-office and Mr. Landis's quarters were 
established as soon as it was fit for occupancy. 



SETTLING A POLICY. 

TTTHE year 1865 wavS one of great activity. New comers 
^A were constantly arriving and roads and avenues 
were extended in every direction. There were 369 pur- 
chases of real estate recorded for this twelvemonth. In 
it, too, occurred the first birth and the first death of the 
colony. William C. Richardson was born, i6th January, 
and received from the founder a suitably engraved silver 
cup to commemorate this distinction. On the 31st March 
Hezekiah Davis died at the age of 59, and was buried in 
his own lot on Landis Ave. 

Then Church Societies, Presbyterian, Methodist and 
Episcopal, were organized in 1863. With the Historical 
and Antiquarian and the Agricultural and Horticultural 
Societies the practice began of founding all sorts of associ- 
ations, industrial, entertaining, instructive and provident, 
which has been highly characteristic of Vineland. The 
Magnolia House for public entertainment of guests was 
completed in this year. It was a three-storied frame 
hotel overlooking the railroad station, and now, in a re- 
modeled form, is the residence of Mr, Landis. 

It was the comfortable custom of the primitive South 
Jersey farmer to turn his live-stock out to graze. The 
law permitted it, and tho.se who did not care to pas- 
ture their neighbor's cows on their young oats and 
orchard twigs, or to supply swine-wallows in their gard- 
ens, were expected to enclose their lands with fences. 



ILLUSTRATED VINKLAND. 21 

Vineland proposed to abolish fences, except for ornament- 
al purposes, and it resolved also to keep its way 
side trees from the prehensile tongues of half- tamed 
cattle. The two schemes, the nomadic and agricultural 
were incompatible, and, as neither side thought of yield- 
ing, the "Bovine War" came on. As the new colonists 
cleared away the native coppice and substituted therefor 
fields of grain and rows of berries and vegetables, 
these savory pastures drew the cattle from the woods to 
their gardens. They then formed themselves into a 
"Cattle League," the business of which was to persuade 
the original inhabitants to "keep up" their live-stock, 
that is, to fence it in rather than to put others to the 
trouble of fencing it out. Remonstrances were lost upon 
the native mind, strong in its sense of prescriptive right. 
Then it happened that some wandering cows did not come 
home to be milked and the owners had to go in search of 
them. Usually they found them, but their milking days 
were over. They were not even fit for the butcher, 
because that functionary's work had been anticipated. 
The owners were furious; they would make reprisals; 
they "breathed out threatenings and slaughter." Still, 
every now and then some poor cow was found dead 
in a swamp, or asleep endlessly in the underbrush, until 
the more prudent natives thought it better to keep their 
animals at home than to have them melt away before 
some stealthy rifle. All this went on in 1863. The set- 
lers stood upon a law that was passed for Vineland, 
requiring owners of animals to keep them from depredat- 
ing upon the lands of other people. They first caused the 
law to be obeyed, and then it soon came to be approved, 
even by those who at first most opposed it. The absence 
of farm fences is now the rule in South Jersey, as it is 
in the prairie states of the West, and, aside from the 



22 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

economy of it, the practice adds greatly to the beauty of 
the landscape. 

Some American towns have be^nn about a cross-roads 
tavern, but the tavern has also kept many a town from 
growing at all. From the start Vineland would have 
none of it. "I introduced the principle [of local option] ' ' 
wrote its founder "because, in cool abstract thought, 
I considered it to be vital to the success of my Settle- 
ment. " The time had now come in which the people 
would show how local option would work. Early in the 
summer of 1863, it was rumored about that a corner 
grocer, named Rollins, was selling whiskey to boys and 
wood-choppers. Great was the consternation of the peo- 
ple. They gathered at the school house, where Sarah 
Pearson voiced the passionate fear of the women and Mr. 
Landis the resolution of the men. Rollins came, too, and 
was defiant. He faced an angered crowd with his license 
from the United States, and told the people he would per- 
sist in his authorized lawful traffic. He would give 
no promise to desist, he said, and went home. In the 
street the citizens gathered again; they marched in a body 
to Rollins's door and renewed their demand. Alarmed 
now at the determination of those who confronted him and 
by the desertion of those w^ho had backed him, he agreed 
to stop this business. Soon after he sold out and moved 
away. 

Nearly thirty years after, when Leon Abbett was gov- 
ernor and the brewers of Essex and Hudson Counties had 
captured the legislature in 1890, Conunissioners were ap- 
pointed in every county of the state authorized to grant 
licenses to sell liquor at their discretion, if the local au- 
thorities had failed to do so. Already Bridgeton and 
Millville had become strictly prohibitive of the traffic. 
The Cumberland County Commissioners granted a num- 
ber of licenses in those cities and had the temerity to 



ILLLvSTRATED VINELAND. 23 

issue one for Vineland. The Vineland licensee came on 
to see what lie could do for his brewers, but he never 
opened his bar, having learned that it would not be a safe 
experiment. At the earliest moment the obnoxious sa- 
loons of the other two cities were closed in obedience 
to the wishes of the citizens. 

On RoUins's retirement from the field, the people 
organized to prevent the sale of intoxicating drink in 
Vineland, and, at their request, a law was passed, es- 
pecially for Vineland, requiring a vote to be taken at 
every annual election on the subject of license, and every 
year, whether in township or borough, the people have 
refused with almost complete unanimity to permit the 
opening of a bar. 

Two phases of the land agency question arose in 1863. 
Men appeared in the town who called themselves "Regu- 
lators " Their object seems to have been to catch the 
visitors called to Vineland by Mr, Landis's advertising 
and, by defaming him and his enterprize, to deter them 
from investing here and to win them to buy in adjoining 
towns. They put out tooters at Camden to waylay Vine- 
land passengers and divert them to other places. Capt. A. 
P. Wilson was a vigorous opponent of these men, doing 
his best to drive them from the town. It is a coincidence 
suggestive of revenge that his house was burned down 
and one of the leading "Regulators" shortly afterwards 
disappeared. 

The other phase of the laud trouble was the opening 
by Alexander Cole of a real estate agency. Cole had 
been dismissed from Mr. Landis's employment, and in a 
mood of retaliation he opened an agency to sell lands 
in Franklinville and adjacent towns, if possible to those 
who came to Vineland to settle. His tactics were essen- 
tially those of the "Regulators.' ' These movements were 
met by the citizens, who felt that their and Mr. Landis's 



24 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

interests were one, with the organization of a large Vigil- 
ance Committee to suppress such practises, as well as to 
support the enforcement of the law against disorder 
and crime. The meeting appointing the Committee, 
which was very large, unanimously resolved to discount- 
enance all "second-hand" land-offices and to support the 
founder's monopoly for two years . The Committee 
bought out Cole's office and interest and he moved away, 
Mr. Landis was spending $30,000 a year advertising 
his colony and alluring visitors here, literally by the 
thousands. Then interlopers wished to profit by his en- 
terprise, and, snatching his customers from the founder's 
hands at his very door, turn them to their own uses. 
When the settlement had progressed so that the coloniz- 
ers either had a fee-simple in their property or an equity 
in their contracts to sell, the founder welcomed new 
agents as workers in aid of his interests, but the com- 
munity were still reluctant to tolerate the second-hand 
offices. They succeeded in closing such an office opened 
by one Johnson from Maryland in 1865, and bought out 
another in 1866 started by Hall and Brands, who shortly 
after left town. 



TWO YEARvS OF PROGRESS. 
TT7HERE were five hundred new buildings erected in 
^1^ 1864 and 5000 acres of land were under cultiva- 
tion; but this gain was greatly exceeded in the next 
twelvemonth, when 5500 colonists were on the ground, 
1400 properties sold, and 1000 building contracts made. 
Thus was Vineland established as a permanent body 

politic. 

In the former year Vineland exchanged its platform 
station for a two-storied stone building, a rough stuccoed 
affair, but characteristic of that era of railway stations. 
As an inducement to its construction Mr. Landis leased 
for five years the second floor as a room to be used for 
public meetings, and, under the name of "Union Hall", 
it figured largely in the public life, till, in 1884, the old 
structure was replaced by the present brick station, with 
its long covered walk and bright waiting rooms. 

How near to primitive conditions the settlement still 
was in 1864, is shown by the alarm over a fire in the 
woods that broke out in the spring. It swept over the 
Park, crossed Park Ave., and was eating its way towards 
the Presbyterian Church when it was arrested by the 
frontier process of back-firing; and so no buildings were 

destroyed. . . 

President Lincoln's first order for the conscription ot 
soldiers was in 1863. and 21 men were the quota of Vine- 
land The next year came a demand for 72 more recruits. 



26 ILLUSTRATED VINELAXD. 

Had these men been drafted the hardship would have fal- 
len very unequally. Fathers would have l)een taken from 
their families, and men would have been torn from their 
newly ploughed fields when neglect of them would have 
been ruinous, It was resolved to avoid a draft by filling 
the quota with voluntary substitutes, and the business 
was entrusted to a committee consisting of John Kandle, 
W. A. House, Henry E. Thayer and W. H. O. Gwyn- 
neth. Bounties were paid of $500 under the first call for 
men, and of $700 under the second. The total sum of 
$61,900 was raised by bonding the towai. This year the 
Union League was formed to support the government in 
the war, Hon. P. Ludlam of Bridgeton installing the 
first members. 

Agriculture w^as now flourishing and productive. It 
was time to give an impulse to manufacturers In 1865 
Mr. Landis began the erection of a stone-mill at the cor- 
ner of Sixth and Quince streets, reached by a railroad 
siding. To it he soon added a large two storied frame 
structure. These buildings were furnished with steam- 
power and shafting, were divided into suitable rooms, and 
were let out at a low rental, sometimes at none at all, to 
those who would undertake to introduce a new industry. 

•'The old stone mill" stands deserted to-day, but it 
was the cradle of many a manufacture. Shoes, buttons, 
gloves, straw-hats, fruit canning, and pocket-books, were 
among the earlier enterprises of the mill. 

The bulk of farm produce was necessarily sent away 
to Philadelphia and New York, but the farmers relied upon 
the local merchants to obtain their supplies. Complaints 
arose among the former that local prices were high and 
goods inferior compared with those in Philadelphia, with 
tranportation charges added. It also appeared that in 
barter the farmers did not obtain for their grain, poultry, 
eggs or other small produce, what it would have brought 




WALLSHOLM. RESIDENCE OF FRANK H. WALLS, D.D.S., MYRTLE STREET 
NEAR LANDIS AVENUE 




RESIDENCE OF W. W. LEACH, LANDIS AVENUE, NEAR VALLEY 




AN EMBOWERED HOUSE 




RESIDENCE OK A. 1!. AVIS, I.ANDIS AND EAST AVENUES 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 27 

had it been shipped to the city. As was natural and 
customary, the local merchants stood by one another in 
maintaining selling and depressing buying prices. In the 
general interest as opposed to that of the traders, Mr. 
Landis took the farmer's part. He assumed control of 
his grist mill, opened a store on Landis Ave. and went 
into the business of grinding grist, selling feed and other 
supplies, and buying produce at a small profit. The 
quality of ttie goods was well looked after, and the ad- 
vantages of this wholesale work were so great as serious- 
ly to curtail the business of the local traders: for the trade 
often rose to $1,000 a day. These operations were sal- 
utary for the farmer and the combination to maintain 
prices broke down, but another result was the animosity 
of the traders towards the founder. 

In 1865 the Avenue Hotel was erected on the present 
site of the Baker House. It was a large frame building 
of three stories and was kept by C. B. Webb, who en- 
larged it two years later. In 1869 the Baker Brothers 
came hither from Lewisburg, Pa., bought the Avenue 
Hotel and replaced it with the comfortable and large 
hotel that still bears their name. They kept a grocery 
in one of the stores that form the ground floor for many 
years, but gave it up when they founded Wild wood on 
Five Mile Beach. The Baker House has been kept in 
succession by W. F. Bowman, D. P. Peters, J. A. Hicks, 
and by its present proprietor, Seaman R. Fowler, who 
has been postmaster and a State Senator. This hotel is 
one of the best in South Jersey; has accomodations for one 
hundred guests; is equipped with electric apparatus and 
steam heat; has a broad veranda and sun parlor and 
an effect of cosy elegance within. A peculiarity of its 
patronage is the number of New England guests who 
come annually to enjoy its hospitality and benefit by the 
mild and salubrious climate of Vineland. 



SUNDRY PARTICULARS. 

PMONG the long remembered gala-days of Vineland, 
when the concourse of people was prodigious, are 
these : 

The third annual fair of the Agricultural and Horti- 
cultural Society, in the autumn of 1866, when Horace 
Greeley delivered the address; 

The ten days' July services of the National Union 
Camp Meeting in 1867, held in the Park, where tents 
were pitched and a tabernacle for preaching was con- 
structed. It was estimated that 12,000 persons from all 
parts of the country attended, and temporary dormitories 
were built to accommodate the crowd; 

The annual excursion of New Jersey editors, when 
300 newspaper men vinited Vineland, 25th June, 1868. 
The>« were taken in carriages to all the principal points 
of Vineland and entertained with great assiduity, the gen- 
tle-women providing a dinner for them in Cosmopolitan 
Hall; 

The anniversary day of Vineland, 8th Aug. 1876, 
when Col. John P. Forney, editor of the Philadelphia 
Press, addressed a large audience. The journali.sm of the 
cities was extensively represented; 

The dedication of the High School, 22nd Aug. 1874, 
by President Grant, described elsewhere. 

Fortunately serious disasters have rarely befallen this 
favored community. The more memorable are the tor- 

28 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 29 

nado of 1871. and two conflagrations of serious extent. 
The hurricane came in midsunimer and swept in a track 
of 150 rods across the town. Before it fell a boarding- 
house in which eleven persons were and the car-house of 
the Southern Jersey R. R. The steeple of the Episcopal 
Church was toppled over on to the roof and under the 
blow the walls of the structure fell. Several buildings 
were unroofed but no lives were lost. 

On the 6th July 1872, the most destructive fire Vine- 
land has known broke out on the north side of Landis 
Ave. between the Boulevard and Sixth St. The flames 
destroyed seven business houses and were arrested by 
tearing down a wooden building in their path, but not 
until $20,000 had floated away in smoke. On the 30th 
Sept, 1877, afire on the same avenue caused a loss of 
$8,000. In each case the ruins were replaced with su- 
perior buildings after the example of Rome in Nero's 
day. The first fire led to the organization of a hook 
and ladder company and the sinking of cisterns to meet 
future dangers of the kind, and after the second the fire 
department swelled to a hand fire-engine and plenty of 

hose. 

Charles Blanchard of Chicago arrived in Vineland in 
March 1871. He was a crusader who found th^ perils 
of a free civilization to lie in secret societies. As he rang 
his tocsin agitation spread through the settlement. Soon 
there were two camps in the town; in one were the crusa- 
ders under the Blanchard pennon, in the other the Ma- 
sons and their friends, among whom were some of the 
most prominent and respected citizens. Now distention 
raged. Its storm centre was the Presbyterian Church, 
from which a faction went off to organize a second church 
on Elmer St. 

Of highest importance to Vineland was the building 
of a new railroad having direct connections with New 



30 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

York. This was of Vineland origin but the stock was 
largely subscribed along the line and especially at Bridge- 
ton. The line was to extend from Bay Side on the 
Delaware River, opposite Bombay Hook, to Atsion on 
the New Jersey Southern R. R. , where connection was 
made, via the New Jersey Central with New York. 

A charter was obtained by Mr. Landis with difficulty, 
14th March 1867, and it was five years before all con- 
flicting interests were adjusted and the road completed to 
Vineland. The first passenger train from this place to 
Atsion moved over the iroad on the 9th of August, 1872. 
The road was subsequently extended to Bayside, but it 
was not a paying investment, as few probably ever ex- 
pected it would be. In 1873 it was sold to Jay Gould. 
It now forms a part of the New Jersey Central System. 
Its gray stone station with a fine porte-cochere is a pictur- 
esque building. It is over this road, with its stations on 
Pear Street, Main Avenue, Wheat Road and Buena Vista, 
that the greater part of the farm produce of Vineland 
goes to market. At Winslow^ Junction it connects with 
the Camden and Atlantic R. R,, running from Philadel- 
phia to Atlantic City. The main purpose of this road 
was to release Vineland from bondage to a single extor- 
tionate line, and to open a direct freight route to New 
York. No sooner had it gone into operation than 
transportation charges underwent a great and important 
reduction, much to the promotion of trade and the profit 
of Vineland. 

Contemporaneous with the building of this road was 
a marked advance in the style of Vineland improvements. 
First comers had prospered and began to put up resi- 
dences suited to their better circumstances ; men of 
means were coming and from the outset were building 
well. Two of the fir.st rural villas were built by Prof. 
Marcius Willson, widely known for his school text books 



ILLUSTRATED VINKLAND. 3 1 

and other literary work, who also erected and resides at 
the Grove House, and by George Scarborough These 
residences were opposite each other on Landis Ave. , east 
ot Main. The first of them became the property of the 
State Home for Feeble Minded Women and still forms 
the front of that Institution ; the second was acquired by 
the Training School, of which it was the administration 
building until it burned down in 1896. Among others, 
the illustrations of this book show as characteristic 
of the improvements from 1865 to 1875, the Belknap 
house, now the property of A. B. Avis ; the Parsons 
house, now owned and occupied by George I^each ; the 
Gage homestead ; H. N. Greene's residence, now the 
home of Rev. J. A. Kingsbury ; the homes of James 
Loughran, Daniel F. Morrill and Hon. Philip P. Baker; 
and the house of Pardon Gifford, now the residence of 
John R. Potts. . 

Two other features of the town require notice. Plum 
Street or Cosmopolitan Hall, a rectangular brick build- 
ing with a Mansard roof, opposite the High School Build- 
ing, has long been the place of public concourse on all 
sorts of occasions. It is capable of seating 800 persons, 
and it is thelyceum, the concert- hall, the theatre, the 
town-hall, a polling place, the scene of school-meetings 
and commencements, and the banqueting hall on festive 
celebrations, as may serve the turn. Among early set- 
tlers were the gentle Quakers, George and Sarah Pearson, 
with whom their co-religionists were wont to meet. In 
May, 1864, they gathered under their roof those who were 
liberally divSposed in religious sentiment to devise a way 
to keep alive sympathy with their views. The settlers 
were fast organizing into denominations and some rally- 
ing point was thought necessary to liberalism. The 
meeting resolved to build a "Free Hall" for holding pub- 
lic meetings to promote the general good, and they or- 



32 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

ganized themselves under the style of 'Friends of Pro- 
gress." Cosmopolitan Hall is the work of this bod}-, 
which still owns it, and until recent years held Sunday 
services there. 

Passengers coming into Vineland from the north will 
observe a large cupola-crowned, brown-stone building, 
three stories high with a French dormered roof. It is on 
the west side of the Boulevard opposite the Park, and is 
unused, although there are plans on foot to turn it into a 
State Home for veterans. This is its story : The Metho- 
dists of South Jersey, soon after the founding ol Vine- 
land, fell to discussing the establishment of a seminary 
which should be for them what Pennington was to the 
Trenton Conference. In 1868 the conclusion was reach- 
ed to locate the contemplated institution in Vineland and 
to build it on the basis of subscriptions. The corner- 
stone was laid in May by Bishop Simpson, and $30,000 
was secured for the project, of which $13,000 were the pro- 
ceeds of a mortgage. The scheme proved too ambitious, 
or confidence in its future failed. When all was done but 
inside finishing the fiow of funds stopped and the build- 
ing passed into private hands by foreclosure. 

In 1884 the Catholics bought the property, altered 
and improved it, and converted it into the 'College of 
the Sacred Heart,' ' as a collegiate school and one prepar- 
atory to the priesthood. It was under the charge of the 
Rev. Dr. E. R. Porcile, Provincial Father of the Society 
of the Fathers of Mercy, and its halls soon filled with 
cassocked priests and college boys. About 1893 it was 
closed, the ecclesiastical authorities thinking the expense 
of maintaining it not justified. 

The story of Vineland is now brought to the point 
where it is further carried on by an account of its institu- 
tions and industries. 




RESIDENCE OF THEO. FOOTE, M. D., WOOD STREET, NEAR SEVENTH 




CHURCH OF THE SACRED HEART, EIGHTH AND ALMOND STREETS 




■RIXITV CHURCH, PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL, EKiHTH AND WOOD SIREETS 




IMIAKIAN CHIRCH, SIXTH AN1> El.MER SIREEIS 



CHURCHES. 

TTTHE CATHOI.IC Church of the Sacred Heart 
"1 began with occasional services in Union Hall. Its 
present stone edifice was first occupied and mass celebra- 
ted on Christmas Day, 1874. It was then under the 
charge of Father Peter Vivet of Millville. Six years 
later Father William I. Dwyer took charge and was fol- 
lowed by Father Charles J. Giese, who for three years 
attended the church from Millville. In 1884 the College 
of the Sacred Heart was organized by the Society of the 
Fathers of Mercy, who placed Fathers Thos. L. McTague 
and S. M. Wiest in residence. Under the administra- 
tion of these Fathers a brick parsonage was erected in 
1884, and a church built in East Vineland. The mem- 
bers of St. Mary's Church, East Vineland, are, with very 
few exceptions, Italians, and sermons are delivered every 
Sunday in their language. 

The Fathers of Mercy had charge of the Sacred Heart 
Church until 1895. I'he last one of the Society in resi- 
dence was Father Joseph Courvoirsier. In October, 1865, 
Rt. Rev. James A. McFaul, Bishop of Trenton, took the 
church under -his direct control and appointed the present 
rector, Fathet William F. Dittrich, The Catholic pop- 
ulation of Vineland is 400. 

Methodist Episcopal Church. Late in 1862 the 
Rev. Mr. McConnaughty, pastor of the Millville M. E. 
Church, preached the first sermon in Vineland in Mab- 



34 ILIvUSTRATED VIN ELAND. 

bett's barn, LandivS Avenue and M3'rtle Street. For 
some weeks services were held in the School-house by 
local preachers, but on the i2tli of April, 1863 Lander 
Taylor, a local preacher, organized a class of twelve 
members ; in May trustees were cliosen with Pardon Gif- 
ford as President ; on the 2d of June the Quarterl}^ Con- 
ference met in Vineland and attached the new organiza- 
tion to the Willow Grove Circuit in the charge of Rev 
H. Betting. In the spring of 1864 Rev. Geo. C. Stanger 
was put in charge of the Circuit and under him the So 
ciety came to be an independent organization. At this 
time Mr. Landis gave the congregation lots of land at 
the corner of Landis Ave. and Severith Street, with a lib- 
eral subscription towards a building. The corner stone 
was laid, 29tli June, 1864, and that year a stone basement 
story was roofed over and occupied, the Society for a few 
months having met in the newly enclosed Presbyterian 
Church. 

In 1865 a class was formed in South Vineland and it 
held services in Union Chapel until that building was 
burned in 1874, when the Society erected a frame church 
of its cAvn. 

In P^'ebruar} 1866 the first Society issued $10,000 in 
six per cent, bonds to complete the church. Before the 
close of the year a brick structure rose over the base- 
ment, but the spire was not completedwhen the building 
was dedicated, 3d December, by Bishop Simpson. In 1872 
the debt was liquidated, the bond-holders conceding a 
part of their claims, and the bonds were publicly burned 
with great rejoicing. The next year the spire was fin- 
ished and the church upholsteied. 

A small fire about the heater in 1881 drove the Socie- 
ty to the temporary occupancy of the Unitarian Church, 
then without a pastor. Three years lattr the parsonage 
at Eighth and Elmer Streets was finished at a cost of 



:^. ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 35 

$3,060, and the same year a Methodist Societ}- was in- 
stituted in North Vineland. , 

In 1S92 an east transept was added to the church, en- 
larging its capacity to 600 ; the interior was renovated 
and a $2500 pipe organ placed on the north side of the 
church. The following is a list of the pastors : ' 



Rev, Geo. C. Stanger, 


1864. 


" Robert J. Andrews, 


1866. 


" George H. Neal, 


1868. 


•' A. K. Street, 


18^69. 


" W. Pittenger, 


1871. 


" W. W. Moffett, 


1874. 


" Jno. E. A^ams, 


1875- 


" W. Pittenger, 


1877. 


" George K. Morris, 


i8'8b 


" George ly. Dobbins, 


- 188 1, 


" Philip Cline, 


1883 


" S. S. Weatherby, 


1886 


" George S. Sykes, 


1888 


" J. R. Daniels, 


1889 


" W. A. Allen, 


1890 


" Ananias LawTence, 


1893 


" B. C. Lippincott, D. E 


). 1895 


" Eli Gifford, 


1897. 



Presbyterian Church. The Rev. Samuel Loomis 
was instrumental in organizing this flourishing church. 
He held services here, mostly in the School-house, where 
Methodists, Episcopalians, Spiritualists and other denom- 
inations held services at successive hours for a year or 
two. Having gathered a small congregation he brought 
here the Fourth Presbytery of Philadelphia, with whom 
came Albert Barnes, the distinguished commentator, and 
on the 14th June 1863 they officially organized a chuich 
of tw^enty-nine members, of which Timothy Hoyt, A. J. 



3^ ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

Hamilton, Jas. McMahan and W. W. Gifford were 
chosen Elders. Mr. Loomis was obliged to relinquish 
his charge early in 1866 for health's sake, and he went 
South to labor among the freedmen. On the 19th April 
of that year he was succeeded by Rev. J. O. Wells, w^ho 
remained in charge twenty-one years, and under whom 
the church became a constituency of the West Jersey 
Presbytery. On ist January, 1887, Rev. D. H. King, 
D. D.. became pastor and is so still. 

The church building w^as begun in 1863 and was en- 
closed and used for services early the next year. Then 
the Methodists were invited to hold services in the 
church until their basement was ready for occupation and 
they did so, contributing towards furnishing chairs for 
the use of both congregations. In 1869, owing in part 
to the antagonisms engendered by Blanchard's crusade 
against secret societies, and in part to the fact that the 
membership contained a number of New England Con- 
gregationalists, a section of the congregation went off and 
held services elsewhere, becoming the nucleus of the Con- 
gregational Society. About 1872 a wing or transept was 
added to the East side of the church increasing its seat- 
ing capacity to 500. The congregation came into pos- 
session of a fine pipe organ, that stands in the rear of the 
pulpit. In 1896 the building was renovated throughout. 
So prudent is its management that its tranquility has 
hardly ever been broken. 

The Episcopal Church. Trinity Church was or- 
ganized, 19th Aug., 1863, by Rev. T. L. Knight of 
Bridgeton, who served it once each Sunday till 1865. 
The corner stone of a frame church was laid on the fol- 
lowing 4th Nov., and the building was soon finished, 
being the first completed church on the tract. In 1865 it 
was enlarged and a steeple built in which a bell, the gift 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 37 

of Mr. Landis, who also gave the church lot and some 
other ground, was placed. The location was Elmer St. 
west of the Boulevard. This building was destroyed by 
a tornado on Sunday afternoon, i6th July, 187 1, and for 
ten years the congregation met in hired halls, being served 
by lay readers when there was no rector. In 188 1 the 
present stone lancet-windowed church with its strong 
square tower was built on foundations long laid at the 
corner of Wood and 8th Sts. It was opened under the 
rectorate of Mr. Egbert, i8th April, 188:^, by Bishop 
Scarborough and visiting Clergymen. Just before Easter 
1897 the church was robbed of its silver communion ser- 
vice, which was never recovered. The rectors have been 
Rev. F, E. Chubbuck, 1865. 

" W. J. Clark, 1868. 

" M. H. Wellman, 1873, 

" W. A. Maybin, 1878. 

^' J. L. Egbert, 1881. 

" J. S. Skene, 1885. 

*' J. B. Drysdale, 1887. 

" C.E.Steele, 1888. 

" C. A. Brewster, 1892. 

Under Mr. Chubbuck' s pastorate Mr. John Ash worth 
began lay-services and a Sunday-School at South Vine- 
land, and during Mr. Clark's rectorship a frame building 
was completed for services tnere. This mission is now 
in charge of the Rev. W. H. Avery of Vineland. 

First Congregational Unitarian Society. The 
first meeting to organize this church w^as held at the home 
of William H. Earle, 26th Nov. 1865. On the i8th of 
the following month a Constitution was adopted and the 
first board of trustees elected. Mechanic's Hall was 
rented for the use of the Society. Rev. A. P. Putnam, 
of Brooklyn, N. Y., preached the first sermon, 5th April 



38 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

1866, and on the following Sunday Rev. J. Murray, of 
Dorchester, Mass., conducted the first Sunday service. 
The church building was begun in the spring of 1867 
and dedicated on the 20th Feb. r868. Rev. Oscar Clute 
became the first settled minister. loth Nov. 1867, and 
served till Dec. 1872. The pulpit was then filled by 
stated supplies, chiefly by Rev. Moses Ballou, till July 
1^75) when Rev. J. B. Harrison became the pastor and 
vServed about three years. He was followed by Rev. N. 
A. Haskell in July 1878 who served one year. His suc- 
cessor was Rev. Charles H. Tindell, who was the pastor 
for nearly three years. From April 1883 to Feb. 1887 
Mr. Haskell was again the minister. Rev. W. M. Gil- 
bert was chosen to succeed him in April 1887, and served 
till January 1894. He was followed in March by Rev. 
Watari Kitashima, a Japanese from the Harvard Divinity 
School, who resigned in June 1896, and Mr. Gilbert 
again became pastor in the following September. 

The First Baptist Church was organized in May 
1865 with thirty-three members. Meetings at first were 
held in Union Hall for two years and then in Reed's 
Hall for two years more. This society belongs to the 
West New Jersey Baptist Association which meets annu- 
ally in September. The building, of brick with round 
arched windows and a square tower, was begun in 1868 
as the largest church edifice in Vineland. Its capacity is 
over 500. It was a costly enterprise, being built when 
gold was at a high premium. It is located on Landis 
Ave. near East, and there is a fine brick parsonage on 
East Ave. and Montrose Street that cost $3,500. The 
church was occupied in 1869 for services but it was not 
finished until some time later. Its pastors have been 
Rev. Lyman Chase, Aug. 1866 to April 1867. 
" Jas. A. Brittain, Aug. 1867 to Nov. 1871. 



ILLUSTRATED VINHLAND. 39 

Rev. N. B. Randall, Dec. 1871 to Oct. 1876. 

" T. W. Conway, Feb. 1877 to Jan. 1878. 

" C. A. Mott, Aug. 1878 to Dec. 1879. 

'* Jas. Walden, Mar. 1880 to June 1883. 

" E. S. Towne, Nov. 1883 to Dec. 1890, 

" L- R. Swett, May 1891 to Oct. 1894. 

" H. H. Thomas, Feb. 1895. 
In April 1895 twenty-nine members withdrew and 
formed the West Side Baptist Church, which meets in 
German M. E. Church, on Grape near 3rd St. Its first 
pastor was Rev. John Bourne, who was succeeded in 1896 
by Rev. C. W. WilUams. A Baptist society was formed 
in South Vineland and acquired Union Chapel, which 
was burned in 1874, and rebuilt for them. 

Congregational Church of the Pilgrims was 
virtually organized by those who seceded in 1869 from 
the Presbyterian Church, and for two years maintained 
separate services. On 25th March 1871 a meeting held 
at the residence of M. C. Crocker resolved to form a 
Urinitarian Congregational Church. Their first religious 
services were conducted i6th April, in Temperance Hall, 
by Rev. E. Howes of Philadelphia. On the following 
2ist May the Society was organized by Rev. Burdett 
Hart, who served one year as pastor. In 1873 the 
church building at the corner of Elmer and Seventh 
Streets was finished and occupied. In 1880 a Congrega- 
tional Church was organized in North Vineland; in 1889 
Rev. Dr. Agustus Seward died, the year after giving up 
his Vineland pastorate. The church was dedicated, 22d 
May 1890, by Rev. Dr. Richards of Philadelphia. The 
following clergymen have held the pastoral charge of 
this church. 

Rev. Burdett Hart, 1871- 

" J. L. Beman, 1871- 



40 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 



Rev. J. B. Sharp, 


1874 


" M. H. Williams, 


1875 


" F. B. Pullan, 


1876 


" C. S. Walker, 


1879 


Vacancy, 


1881 


•' C. B. McLean, 


1882 


" Augustus Seward, D. 


D. 1883 


** Edward Cornet, 


1888 


" A. P. Logan, 


1890 


" R. C. Lansing, 


1891 


" C. F. Wood, 


1892 


" W. E. Mann, 


1897 



The New Church (sometimes called the New Jeru- 
salem, or, after its founder, the Swedenborgian Church,) 
consists of a society of eighty members worshipping in a 
frame building on Wood Street, west of Eighth, 

This organization was founded in 1870 by Dr. Emory 
Rounds Tuller, a homeopathic physician, who settled in 
Vineland in 1866, acquired a large practice, and died ^.th 
August 1891, aged sixty-six. The society wor.'^hipped, 
first in Temperance and then in Merchants' Hall, until 
its church building was completed. This was dedicated 
25th February, 1872, the Rev. B. F. Barrett preaching 
the sermon. In the following December Dr. Tuller was 
ordained and installed as pastor of the church, Rev. 
Chauncey Giles officiating at the services. In 1877.' the 
Rev. J. P. Stuart became assistant pastor and remained 
two years. In 1885 Dr. Tuller withdrew from the active 
charge and was succeeded by Rev. Adolph Roeder, the 
present incumbent. 



The Free Methodist Church, corner of Fourth 
and Plum Streets, began in a series of protracted meet- 
ings held by J. T. James in a hall at Landis Avenue and 
Sixth Street. In April 1870 he formed a class of eighteen 



ILIvUSTRATED VINELAND. 4 1 

and the mission was put in charge of Thomas Whiffen of 
Philadelphia, who held services in a hired hall for a few 
weeks and then in private houses. For ten years the 
Society was without pastoral care and dwindled away. 

It was revived in 1880 through the exertions of Thos. 
Dolan of Millville, who formed a class of nine, which the 
Conference placed under E. E. Adams. The Society 
hired a large house for a parsonage, holding services in 
its parlor. In 1882 the present frame church was built, 
and ten years later the parsonage. The pastors have 
been 

Rev. W. M. Parry, 1882. 

'' J. T. Logan, 1884. 

'' D. W. Hart, 1886. 

" J. T. Logan, 1888. 

" Geo. Easkins, 1S90. 

" D. J. Santmier, 1892. 

'* J. T. Michael, 1893. 

" M. D. McDougal, '895. 

The Wesleyan Methodist Church began with 
the preaching of the Rev. Mr. Prouty in 1879 in a 
shoe shop where Potts' s factory now stands. To aid this 
work Miles Myres gave $1000 towards a church and a 
brick edifice was erected in 188 1, on Seventh Street below 
Elmer, which was sold in 1888 to the Board of Education 
for a school-house. The Rev. W. S. Schenck was in 
charge of the building until the house was sold, when the 
congregation greatly declined. In 1891 Thomas Simkins 
formed a new class and a frame building was erected on 
Elmer Street east of Second, and Mr. Schenck again re- 
sumed the pastoral charge. From 1893 to 1896 Thomas 
Scull was pastor, but was succeeded in the latter year by 
Mr. Schenck. 



42 ILI.USTRATED VINELAND. 

The German M. E. Church was organized in 1884, 
and built the present little brick structure on Grape 
Street near Third, which was completed the next year. 
Services are held in German once every month by Rev. 
Mr. Weber and once a fortnight by Rev. H. Peck. 

The Allex Chapel of the African M. E. Church, 
is located on Seventh Street near Peach, and is the prin- 
cipal religious society of the colored people. The first 
edifice, built in 1874, was burned in 1878 and promptly 
replaced by the present brick church. 




METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 



SCHOOLS. 
/T^ISS Lucille Richardson began a private school with 
ATZ eleven pupils in the school-house erected by Mr. 
Landis on the present site of the Grove House. The 
next year she was in charge there of the first district- 
school. A second district- school was organized in 1863 
at the corner of Landis Avenue and Spring Road, a local- 
ity much favored by the more prosperous of the settlers. 
In 1868 the number of district schools had increased 
to sixteen. 

Of the more advanced private schools the Vineland 
Academy takes first rank in time. In i^.6S the "old yel- 
low school-house" opposite the Baptist Church gave 
place to a frame building two stories high, fitted up with 
a boys' and girls' department, a large recitation room on 
the lower floor, a primary department and music rooms 
above. In was after the fashion of a New England 
Academy where a boy might fit for college, and its prin- 
cipal was the Rev. F. E. Chubbuck, the first rector 
of the Episcopal Church, His work ceased soon after 
the High School was organized, and in 1881 the building 
was replaced by the Grove House. 

In 1868 Prof. N. B. Webster came to Vineland to 
assi.st Prof. Marcius Willson in the preparation of school- 
books He had long been a teacher of collegiate and 
technical branches in Virginia and Ottawa, Canada. He 
gave instruct-on in the classics, mathematics and survey- 
ing, but the next year he moved to Norfolk, Va. He 



43 



44 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

returned to Vineland in 1888 to engage in encyclopaedic 

work for a Philadelphia house. 

Mr. T. W. Braidwood, who founded the Philadelphia 
School of Design, opened at his residence on Peach Street, 
a school for training in industrial drawing and art, and 
instruction is still given there. 

In 1869 districts 5, 6 and 8 were consolidated into 
district 44 for the purpose of grading the instruction and 
having a High School. Of this district Mr. Chas. H. 
Wright became the first Principal in Jan., 1870. and pro- 
ceeded to organize a High vSchool with classical courses 
in Cosmopolitan Hall. District 44 was nearlv five miles 
long and three broad and the new plan called for school- 
houses at each corner of the city reserve, for the better 
accommodation of the suburban population. 

The corner schools were for the four elementary 
grades and to be feeders of the High School. In 1877 the 
floating debt of $34,000, incurred in building school- 
houses, was funded in bonds of the district at seven per 
cent, the bonds to be retired, beginning ist Jan., 1882, in 
$2000 lots annually. $25,000 had been devoted to the 
High School, the balance going to the corner schools. 
The corner stone of the great building was laid 26th Sep- 
tember, 1873. It was completed and dedicated 2 2(1 Au- 
gust, 1874, and addresses were delivered by President 
Grant, his Secretary of the Navy. G. M. Robeson, U. S. 
Senator, A, G. Cattell, and Gov. Joel Parker, the Exe- 
cutive Chief of the State. It was a glorious day of pleas- 
ure and renown to Vinelanders. 

The classical courses were eliminated from the High 
School in 1878. In 1887 the school -meeting appropriat- 
ed $500 for the introduction of industrial or manual 
training under a provision of law requiring the state to 
duplicate any sum from $500 to $5000 that should be 
voted by any school-district for the support of such in- 



ILLUvSTRATED VINELAND. 45 

struction. This action, which has been repeated every 
year, sometimes with increased appropriations, attracted 
attention to the Vineland Schools as placing themselves 
in the van of progressive work. 

In 1889 women were, under a law just passed, per- 
mitted to vote in school-meetings on the same terms as 
men. and that year one of their number became a school- 
trustee. From this time onward the school-meetings 
were largely attended, as many as 1736 votes having been 
cast at an election . As doubt was thrown by the Su- 
preme Court upon the power of the legislature to confer 
on women a vote for municipal officers, a tumultuous 
meeting was held in 1894, at which the judges of election 
refused to receive or count the women's vote for trustees, 
although it was conceded that they might vote for appro- 
priations. In 1889 the number of trustees had been in- 
creased to six and, until 1894. the board was divided as 
to sex. From this date no woman has served as trustee. 
The action of the election judges was upheld by the Su- 
preme Court on the ground that school trustees were 
municipal officers in the sense of the State constitution. 

A special school-meeting was called in August 1894, 
to consider the consolidation of all the districts of Vine- 
land and Landis Township into one, a law passed by the 
preceding legislature permitting this to be done. The 
attendance was very small, and only sixty votes, chiefly 
those of residents in the Borough, were cast. Consolida- 
tion was adopted, but the Township voters afterwards 
complained that this was prejudicial to their interests, as 
increasing their taxes and destroying local control of 
their schools. 

In 1892 the High School was enlarged to double its 
former capacity at a cost of $12,500, making it one of the 
largest school edifices of any township in the state. The 
next year two new grades (the nth and 12th), were de- 



46 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

veloped and instruction in German was introduced into 
the course, so that the institution took legal rank as an 
* 'approved High School. ' ' 

Vinelaud schools in 1896 embraced 19 school buildings 
and 2 hired ones; 41 teachers and substitutes; and in 
1897 ^^^ 2^7 children enrolled b}' the school census. 
All these are now in one graded system and the support 
of the establishment costs about $35,000 annually. 

A part of the equipment lodged in the High School 
comprises a library of 2000 volumes, good apparatus for 
experiments in chemistry and physics, large geological 
and ornithological cabinets, a good laboratory microscope 
and a five-inch telescope. 

The following is a list of the Superintendents under 
the High School System. 

Chas. H. Wright, 1870. 

Henry Carver, 1874. 

R. H. Holbrook, 1876. 

H. M. Pratt, 1878. 

C. B. Goodrich, 1879. 

S. P. York, 1880. 

W. A. Deremer, 1887. 

J. P. Burnett, 189 1. 

H. J. Wightman, 1893. 



POLITICAL ORGANIZATION. 

IN 1864 Landis Township was organized by a special 
act of the legislature. It covers an area of nearly 
seventy square miles, or 44,765 acres, but it is not coter- 
minous with the Vineland tract, for it does not include 
those parts of the Landis purchase that lie in Gloucester 
and Atlantic counties, and it does embrace something 
more in Cumberland county. Practically, however, 
Vineland is the absorbing interest. 

The Township was carved out of Millville by an Act 
approved in March, and on the 22d of that month the 
first election under it was held for town officers. Vigi- 
lance in challenging at the polls was necessary to keep 
out the votes of rowdies and raiders who were not resi- 
dents, but who wished to swing the colony over to native 
customs. There were to be a Township Committee of 
five, an assessor, a collector, a clerk, a school-superin- 
tendent and a justice of the peace, holding for terms of 
one year each. The committee chosen were Robt. Bran- 
driff, John Kandle, Jas. McMahan, J. C. Parsons, and. 
C. P. Davis. W. H. O. Gwynneth became first Super- 
intendent of schools. 

An effort was made in 1871 to have Vineland set off 
by the legislature as a county, which would have given 
the settlement a Senator as well as a Representative, at 
Trenton. The measure passed the House, but, when 
every indication favored it, the bill failed in the Senate. 

In 1880 Vineland Borough was organized under the 



48 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

general statute. The area incorporated was the square 
mile plot laid out in city lots and all the properties fac- 
ing it on East Avenue. The question of incorporation 
was submitted to vote on the 26th May, when 18 r voted 
for and 122 against it. The law provided for a Mayor, 
and a Council of six in classes of two, one of which was 
to retire each year. The powers of the Borough were 
chiefly police and related to keeping order and protecting 
and improving highways. 

On the 5th October an election was held with two tic- 
kets in the field. The Republicans won by a small ma- 
jority, making Quartus Wright Mayor for a term of one 
year; Albro S. Brown and Henry Hartson Councilmen 
for three years; S. S. Gould and J. P. Ash worth for two 
years; and H. Morley and H. B. Reese for one year. 
Five hundred dollars were also appropriated for expenses 
until the next spring election. Neither the Fire nor the 
School district, which have distinct areas, came under 
this jurisdiction. The Borough took the name of Vine- 
land and then it first became a legal designation. In 
1895 the mayoralty term was extended to three years and 
in 1897 it was made two years. The following is a list 
of the Mayors of Vineland: 

Quartus Wright, 1880. 

Joseph Mason, 1881. 

Albro S. Brown, 1883. 

Elias Doughty, 1884. 

Albro S. Brown, 1885. 

Oliver D. Graves, 1886. 

Chas. P. Lord, 18S8 (reelected 7 times). 

The Fire district includes the Borough and the terri- 
tory between it and Valley Avenue. It is governed by 
fire commissioners, of whom two are elected in sutcessive 
and one in third years. They propose appropriations to 
a district-meeting of legal voters which may authorize or 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 49 

change them. This organization is under a law approved 
15th March, 1879. 

The department employs a chief and thirty firemen, 
who are required to drill six times annually. The pay 
consists of small fees for required services, as drill duty 
and monthly meetings and in release of $500 from the 
tax assessment. After seven years the fireman becomes 
exempt from duty, and the release of $500 remains with 
him for life. A fund for the aid of sick and indigent 
firemen is created by a tax of two per cent, on the pre- 
miums received in the district by foreign insurance com- 
panies, and an allowance of about $280 a year from the 
State Commissioner of Banking and Insurance. The 
fund on hand in 1897 was $6,700. 

The Boards of Health for the Township and Borough 
are separate departments, both acting under the law of 
31st March, 1887. Cases of infectious and contagious di- 
seases must be reported to them, and they have a light 
of inspecting and regulating slaughter houses, plumbing 
drains, cesspools, tenements, privies, etc., and of remov- 
ing offensive matter and abating nuisances. The Presi- 
dent of the Borough Board is Robert Pond and the In- 
spector N. P. Marvel. 

The Gas Works are carried on by John R. Farnum of 
Boston, under a Borough franchise and his Superinten- 
dent is Lewis W. Gould. The manufacture of gas began 
in 1877, the works being on the Boulevard near Park 
Ave. In 1885 the works were leased b}' John D. Wat- 
son, in whose hands the service was a failure, and he 
was removed by the Courts. In 1886 regular service 
was re-established and the works have now laid twelve 
miles of street mains. 

The Water Works are operated under a Borough 
franchise granted to Chas. Keighley in 1885, with a con- 
tract to put up fire-plugs and serve water for fire pur- 



50 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

poses. He soon after organized the Vineland Water 
Works Co. , which he controls. Tlie Holly System w as 
adopted and now draws an unfailing sii])ply of pure \' ater 
from fourteen driven wells, i lo feet deep, lined with three 
inch pipes. The water is raised !)>' a pump having the 
daily capacity of 1,000,000 gallons, and is fc^rced directly 
into the mains, the surplus going into a tank holding 
100,000 gallons, elevated eighty feet aboAC the street up- 
on a tower that forms the western front of one (jf Mr. 
Keighley's factory buildings. The area served is the 
Borough and Landis Avenue as far as the institutions for 
the feeble-minded, and a small adjacent territory on the 
north. There are fifteen miles of street mains laid, of 
four, six and ten inches diameter, and the fire plugs can 
deliver a i}i inch stream 100 feet above the pavement 
without the aid of a fire-engine. 

The National Guard is represented in \^ineland b>' 
Company K, of the Sixth State Regiment. It was or- 
ganized in 1873 as Company D, of the Fourth State Bat- 
talion, with George Souther as Captain. It has been 
commanded by Captains Geo. A. Cheever, O. W. Ver- 
nal and L. W. Harris, the present commandant. Its 
Armory is in the Erickson Building. 

The Citizen's Committee is a voluntary association 
begun in 1894 under the presidency of T. W. Braid wood. 
It is in affiliation with the American Institute of Civics, 
the National Municipal League, and kindred societies. 
Its objects are to keep alive a public sense of responsibil- 
ity for local government, to separate municipal from stale 
and national politics, and to .secure the election to office 
of the fittest men. Its membership is limited to fifty, 
and there are thirty now enrolled. Its President is the 
Rev. Dr. R. B. Moore and Secretary Adolph Roeder. 



INSTITUTIONS FOR THE FEKBLE-MINDED. 

r^EW Jersey Training School for Feeble-Minded 
i^ Children. Efforts were made by Hon, Stephen 

A. Garrison while serving in the New Jersey Legislature 
from 1845 to 1850 to secure a state institution for the ed- 
ucation of feeble-minded children. His plans failed of 
adoption and the wards of the state were, from about 
1870 to i8?8, sent to institutions in Pennsylvania and 
Connecticut. His two sons, Revs. C. F. and S. Olin 
Garrison, encouraged by distinguished citizens of the 
state, in August 1887 opened a school under their own 
control at their old homestead in Millvilie. Almost im- 
mediately the demands upon it outgrew its capacity and 
Olin planned an institution on a much larger scale. In 
the search for a new location he came to Vineland, where 

B. D. Maxham, the owner, offered the fine vScarborough 
House and forty acres of land on terms which have thus 
far proved to be a practical gift of the property to the 
school, and, having a pledge of $2000 from the Vineland 
Board of Trade, Mr. Garrison purchased this place. On 
ist March, 1888, the institution was established under the 
style of ' ' The New Jersey Home for the Education and 
Care of Feeble-Minded Children," afterwards changed to 
the present form. In :he following May an incorporated 
voluntary association was formed for the control of the 
school and its property, 

This Association has a membership scattered over and 
beyond the state and rests upon life and annual contribu- 

51 



52 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

tions. It is independent of religions denominations and 
of the State, except as the Governor, under the law, may 
send here wards of the state on stipulated terms. The 
first President of the Board of Directors was Joseph Wis- 
tar, of Salem, who was succeeded in 1893 by Hon. P. P. 
Baker. The Association, in addition to a local medical 
staff, of which Dr. F. F. Corson is the resident physician 
and Dr. C. R. Wiley, until his death in 1897, was con- 
sulting physician, organized a staff of medical specialists 
resident in Philadelphia, which now consists of fourteen 
members of wide professional renown. It also created a 
Board of thirteen women visitors from different parts of 
the state, authorized to inspect the school at their con- 
venience. Professor S. O. Garrison is the Principal of 
the Institution. 

The growth of the Training School has been remark- 
able. Founded on the cottage system, it has bought 
adjoining properties until it owns 125 acres, much of 
which is under high cultivation. The grounds extend 
from Landis to Chestnut Avenue, and the western 
boundary is Main Avenue. On them are eight cottages, 
three of them recent structures of brick and stone cost- 
ing from $io,ooo to $16,000 each; a brick Assembly 
Hall with a square clock-tower containing a fine clock 
and bell; a hospital with accomodations for forty pa- 
tients and having the latest sanitary appliances; an im- 
mense barn, costing over $12,000, equipped for storage 
of crops, dairy requirements and instruction in agricul- 
ture; a fire-engine house, car-house, hot-house and a 
number of out-buildings used for offices and work-shops. 

The service of the Vineland Water Works is re-in- 
forced by a tank holding 7000 gallons in the tower of the 
barn. The sewage is drained away under ground to be 
disposed of by irrigation ditches in fertilizing the farm. 
There are on the grounds four groves, a donkey railway 




NEW JERSEY TRAININC; SCHOOL, SOL lH GKolP; XoKlH (,K()ir; KNIRANXE 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 53 

connecting the various buildings, and excellent carriage 
roads through the place. 

The instruction is by means of the kindergarten, 
manual and industrial training and a physical culture 
department, to which are added the studies of a common 
school education. Among the things taught are laundry 
work, hand and machine sewing, knitting, dress-making, 
crocheting, tailoring, cobbHng and shoe-making, carpen- 
try, cabinet-work, wood carving, turning, scroll-sawing, 
hammock-netting, mattress-making, mat-weaving, and 
the various branches of gardening and farming. There 
are daily exercises in gymnastics, calisthenics, military 
and brass-band drills, singing, etc. In this diversity of 
work care is taken to fit a child's duties to its peculiar- 
and capacities. 

In 1896 the first home, being the administrative 
building was destroyed by fire, of which advantage will 
be taken to rearrange the grouping of the cottages and 
to secure a more stable building designed for the uses of 
such a school. 

There are about 255 pupils in the Training School; 
its property is valued at over $175,000; there are 158 
members of the Association; members are annual contri- 
butors of $5. life members of $500 at one time, and life 
patrons of $5000, Pupils are admitted between the ages 
of five and twenty- one; private wards pay according to ac- 
commodation. The school receives children of both sexes, 
separate cottages being provided for each. 

The State Institution for Feeble-Minded Wo- 
men was created by a legislative Act approved 27th 
March 1888, and $12,000 weie appropriated to the use of 
the institution. The passage of the Act was due to the 
initiation of the Rev. S. O. Garrison and the wise zeal of 
Hon. P. P. Baker, then in the Senate. It provides for a 
Board of Managers consisting of seven residents of the 



54 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

State, of whom three are women. Hon. Alex G. Cattell 
was the first President, remaining in office until his death 
on the 8th April, 1894. Hon. Benj. F. Lee of Trenton 
became his successor; the Secretary, Mrs. E. H. William- 
son of Elizabeth, has served from the beginning, S. O. 
Garrison was Superintendent until the 15th November, 
1888, when he was succeeded by Miss Mary J. Dunlap, 
M. D., under whom the institution has grown rapidly in 
size and efficiency. 

The Managers purchased the mansion of Prof. Mar- 
cius Willson with eleven and a half acres of land, on 
Landis Avenue opposite the Training School for Feeble- 
Minded Children. In 1895 they added ten acres in the 
rear which were ditched for sewage and waste and 
brought under cultivation. The institution opened 20th 
April, 1888, with two patients; in 1896 the number was 
ninety-four coming from eighteen counties of the state. 
In 1896 a large extension of the building was begun, in- 
cluding a picturesque tower, and was completed early the 
next 3'ear. Patients are admitted any time after attaining 
the age of twelve years. The institution is designed for 
the custody of feeble-minded girls and women of marriage- 
able age. 

Instruction is given in the elementary studies of the 
public schools, in vocal and instrumental music, in calis- 
thenics, and in practical industries suited to women. 
Among the useful arts taught are cooking, laundry-work, 
making and repairing clothes, bedding and quilts, knit- 
ting, crocheting, carpet-weaving, decorating in water- 
colors on glass, celluloid, velvet and felt; and lace-making. 

This is the first institution in the state of New Jersey 
which has a woman at its head. The new buildings are 
superior to any known institution in America of like 
purpose; the grounds are adorned with hedges and trees, 
and this home has taken first rank among those of its kind. 



AGRICULTURE. 

F)OTWlTHvSTANDING her notable increase of man- 
i ^ ufactures, farming remains a very important indus- 
try of Vineland. The farms average about twenty acres 
each, although there are a number that reach from forty 
to eighty, and there is a tendency among the best farmers 
to increase their holdings. When one learns that most 
of the farmers came here with very little capital, and now, 
surveying their fields and buildings evincing fertility of 
the soil, thrift, prosperity and taste, one becomes deeply 
impressed with the agricultural capabilities of Vineland. 
Among the successful old settlers may be mentioned 
Thos. Grigg, John McMahan. Chas. DeGroff. Col. A. 
W. Pearson, Stephen T. Ellis, Frank Bingham, A. P. 
Arnold, L. Mortimer, W. Jackman, J. D. Reustle, S. 
P. Ash, G. N. Wellman and Richard Hewett. From 
their own published statements these men have cleared 
from $1500 to $5000 in a year on farms ranging from 
thirty-five to sixty acres, not including the produce con- 
sumed on their own places by their families and stock. 

Agriculture was greatly promoted by farmers' organ- 
izations, of which the first was the Agricultural and 
Horticultural Society, founded in 1864. Its fairs were 
famous festivals in their day, and were annually held 
until 1889. About 1874 these exhibitions were managed 
by the Vineland Fair Association, assisted by the Ladies' 
Floral Society, and branch organizations in North, South 

add East Vineland and Forest Grove. In 1866 there 

55 



56 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

were$i,ioo distiibiited in prizes at the local fair Of 
organizations still in existence, there are the Grange of 
the Patrons of Husbandry, founded in 1873, and, of 
greater commercial importance, the Farmer's Alliance 
and the Fruit Growers' Union and Cooperative Society, 
reorganized in 1888. 

Perhaps the most striking illustration of the present 
farming achievements is the woikof the Italian colonists, 
a people of notable thrift and agricultural skill. There 
are some 1500 of them on the tract, most of them located 
along Wheat and Garden Roads, in East Vineland, and in 
New Italy. They are of Piedmontese, Genoe.'-e and Ne- 
opolitan origin, and nearly all of them bought their land 
on credit. In 1870 the first one came and bought a pro- 
perty on Wheat Road. On being questioned, he offered 
to bring other famihes for $5 each. With thi.< induce- 
ment numbers of his compatriots began to arrive. In 
1874 Mr. Landis went to Italy to promote emigration to 
Vineland, but his visit was rendered fruitless by ( rders 
of the government directing the customs C'fficers to dis- 
suade people from coming to Vineland because of its un- 
healthfulness and worthless lands. The government had 
received such representations from some citizens of Vine- 
land, who thought Italian colonists undesirable. More 
potent were letters sent home by settlers to their kindred, 
and a few years later the colony began to increase rapid- 
ly. These people are nearly all farmers, and they come 
to trade on Saturday afternoons in the Borough All the 
family work in the fields. They are thrifty and skillful, 
pay their debts with such scrupulous promptness as to 
enjoy a perfect credit at the stores. Their farms are clean 
and kept in high tilth, and there is scarcely a family thnt 
is not clearing its land of debt, improving its buildings 
and laying up money. They aie friends of the public- 
schools, own a brick building on Sixth Street for their 




RESIDENCE OF SIGNOR J. B. RARETTA, LANDIS AND VALLEY AVENUES 




FARM OF P. GIFFORD, MAIN AiNi* AlAFLE AVENUES 




FARM OF A. P. AkNOlJ), MALAfJA ROAD, XI.AR OAK 




SHOK FACTORY OF J. R. PoTTS, NKAR BOULKVARD AND I'KAR STRLET 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 57 

society gatherings and have a Catholic Mission in New 
Italy. A nuniber of them have already acquired inde- 
pendent wealth. 

Raising early vegetables under glass is a large and 
growing form of market gardening. The chief crops thus 
obtained are lettuce, beets, radishes, cauliflower, and 
more rarely cucumbers and tomatoes. T«here is also a 
large demand for tomato, egg-plant, cabbage and sweet- 
potato plants for transplanting in the field. The princi- 
pal growers under glass are Cuno Becker and R. A. Lar- 
combe in the Borough; Lealman, on Wheat Road; Ash, 
Hewett, Reagan Bros., Jackman and Wellmannear South 
Vineland. 

Grape culture passed through the mishaps of thrip, 
rose-chafer and black- rot, the last of which has been sub- 
dued by the use of copper and alkali solutions sprayed 
upon them. On the farm of A. W. Pearson the U. S. 
government carried on for years a viticulture experiment 
station, where the Colonel, by correspondence with all 
grape growing countries, found remedies for all the se- 
rious diseases of the vine, and this knowledge has been 
disseminated over the country. Although twenty-seven 
varieties of grapes from a single farm have been shown at 
a local fair, the varieties raised for commercial purposes 
are the Concord and Ives Seedlings, with some wine va- 
rieties like the Clinton and Riesling, chiefly by Italians. 
In a single season as many as 3,200,000 lbs. of grapes 
have been shipped from Vineland, but now they are chief- 
ly turned into wine and unfermented grape-juice. In this 
way about 1200 tons are annually disposed of. Crops of 
two and even three tons to an acre are common. 

Farmers raise nearly all the hay, grain and fodder for 
their live-stock, the vegetables and poultry, and much of 
the pork and veal used for their families, besides shipping 
large amounts away. There are seven railroad stations 



58 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

in Vineland, but half the produce is shipped at the New 
Jersey Central Station on Pear Street. The principal 
crops shown by the books of this station for 1896, besides 
poultry, pork and veal, are sweet potatoes, round pota- 
toes, strawberries, blackberries, raspberries, wine, grape- 
juice, pears, apples, quinces, peaches, asparagus, melons, 
cabbage, lettuce, onions, beets, egg-plant, radishes and 
peppers. For 1896 this station reported the following 
items of principal shipments: 

88.914 bushels of sweet potatoes. 

57,322 lbs. ofpoultr>. 
r 247,176 qts. of blackberries. 

201,723 qts. of strawberries. 

21,730 lbs. of grapes. 
3,105 lbs. of asparagus. 
In that year the peach crop was winter-killed, but or- 
chards of this fruit are numerous, large and increasing. 
The previous season a large grower reported concerning 
a twenty acre orchard, that, after shipping $1200 of this 
fruit, he sold the balance on the trees for $1500. 

Dairy products find a local market, but the amount of 
butter made and sold is very large. Poultry and eggs 
have always been a favored Vineland product. It has the 
advantage of making a light employment for women, and 
we read of attention paid to it in the early years of the 
settlement. In 1883 Mr. W. C. Pasco claimed to have 
netted $231.29 from 130 hens kept enclosed, and in the 
same season 52,000 lbs of poultry and 208,000 dozen 
eggs brought $47,320 to Vineland. 

About 1885 a fad of raising spring broilers with incu- 
bators swept over Vineland and many clumsy bunglers 
supplied themselves with complex and patent machines 
and brooding houses, only to fail. But experienced per- 
sons with ruder apparatus went on raising broilers and 
making money. In 1897 Mr. A. P. Arnold of Malaga 




KELLOCiG FARM, OAK ROAD, NEAR VALLEY AVENUE 




STABLES AND HORSE BAZAAR, LAXDLS AVENUE, NEAR EIGHTH STREET 



FFf 






u 




IIvIvUSTRATED VTNELAND. 59 

Road, had 4000 chicks which he began to put on the 
market in April, and they averaged him 50 cents each, of 
which three-fifths was clear profit. There are a score o 
others also successful. To chicken raising many add the 
production of squabs, which always command a good 
market. 

Vineland produce is marketed usually through ship- 
ping agents who receive the goods at the stations. Com- 
missions for selling are at the rate of 10 per cent., and 
crates of berries are now carried to New York for 25 cents 
each. The principal agents are James Loughran, the 
McMahan Bros, and Thomas Spencer at the New Jersey 
Central Station, all shippers of many years experience, 
and W. H. Ames at the West Jersey and Seashore station. 
In the season from six to eight carloads leave Vineland 
stations daily. 

Floriculture. Among the first to engage in rais- 
ing of flowers was Mr. Hiram B. Reese, who came to 
Vineland in 1863. He bought half the block west of 
Seventh Street and set out a garden devoted to flowers, 
which became famous as a place to get slips and seeds. 
This work was destined in due time to result in green- 
houses for the early production of flowers. Those who 
now raise flowers for the market are Mrs. Lyons and 
Cuno Becker in the Borough, John Lealman on Wheat 
Road, Landis and Gunigan on East Landis Avenue, and 
Holmes Bros, on Washington Avenue. 



FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 

TT7HE first institution for loaning mone}' in Vineland 
^1 was charitable. Its object was to provide a fund 
for poor and industrious settlers to tide them over a pinch. 
It was organized in 1865 as the Philanthropic Loan Asso- 
ciation, and it asked no security of its borrowers, regard- 
ing its claims as debts of honor. It went out of existence 
in three years because the class of people contemplated 
did not exist in Vineland. 

The Vineland Loan and Improvement Company was 
organized the same year under a special charter. It was 
practically what is now known as a "Building Society," 
for it proposed to loan to small capitalists on mortgage 
security moneys to be paid back in small monthly install- 
ments. 

House and Turner opened a private Bank in 1865, 
but in 1868 they converted it into the chartered Vineland 
Safe Deposit Co., with a capital of $100,000. Two years 
later the Deposit Company built a brick bank on the site 
where the present National Bank stands. This company 
was succeeded in 1878 by the first Vineland National 
Bank, mostly owned and conducted by two capitalists 
from the West, On the 22nd April, 1879, the cashier 
being alone in the bank about noon, four strangers en- 
tered, one of whom went to the vault and captured bills 
and bags of specie to the sum of $698, and the thieves es- 
caped with their booty. 




VINELAND ^ 



NATIONAL BANK, LANDIS AVENUE 










•'KAI.KSMKX'S ,:aXK. , xv,.„ ,vkx 



1^ 



Kxri: 



J 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 6 1 

In 1 88 1 this bank was converted into the Security 
Trust and Safe Deposit Co. , which the same year lost its 
building by fire, but speedily replaced it with the one 
now standing. 

The present Vineland National Bank was organized 
in 1883 and Myron J. Kimball is President and C. H. 
Anderson is Cashier. It bought out the Trust and Safe 
Deposit Co. In May, 1897, it had a capital of $50,000; a 
surplus and undivided proiits of $32,000; loans of 
$130,000; and deposits of $183,000. 

The Tradesman's Bank was organized in 1889 under 
the State law, and has a savings department the deposits 
of which are secured by bond and mortgage. Hon. P. 
P, Baker, formerly a State Senator, is the President, and 
George Davidson is Cashier. In May, 1897, its paid up 
capital was $30,000; surplus and undivided profits $10,831; 
loans $163,000; deposits $189,500. 

In 1873 the Mechanics Building and Loan Association 
was organized. At first its series were issued annuall}^ 
but in 1 89 1 they became semi-annual. Its terms of with- 
drawal are liberal, being three per cent, until the fourth 
year, 3)^ per cent, in that year and afterward rising i 
per cent, each year until 8 per cent, is reached. Not- 
withstanding this generous policy the Association for 
many years has matured its shares in from 123 to 125 
months; in other words, it has earned for a long time 12 
per cent, on the equated time of receiving its dues. This 
showing is notable, indicating singular exemption from 
bad debts, sound judgment, economy and probity in ad- 
ministration. Its operations in 1896 were, receipts 
$19,311, of which $28,235 were loaned and $29,558 paid 
on matured and withdrawn shares. Total assets, 30th 
June, 1896, were $148,717.06. 

The Board of Trade devotes itself to financing enter- 
prises that need aid in order to locate in Vineland. The 



62 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

first organization of this name and nature was founded in 
1876 under the presidency of Dr. E. C. Bidwell, a Mas- 
sachusetts man, who, after serving as a surgeon in the 
volunteer army came to Vineland and opened on Landis 
Avenue the second drug store. This organization atro- 
phied from lack of work. In 1887 several projects were 
brought to Vineland attention as seeking a home here. 
The citizens therefore organized on the nth January, 
choosing Dr. O. H. Adams President, S. R. Fowler 
Treasurer and Dr. F. A. Walls Secretary. One of the 
first operations of this Board was to appoint a Committee 
to raise $2000 towards the endowment of the N. J. Train- 
ing School for Feeble-Minded Children. Among the 
proudest feats of the Board was securing the same year 
the location of Thomas Hirst's Smyrna Rug factory in 
Vineland. (See chapter on Manufactures.) 

A larger undertaking was organizing the Vineland 
Improvement Co., and negotiating loans to erect the 
Vineland Glass Works north of the New Jersey Central 
R. R. tracks near East Avenue, for the Tillyer Bros. 
This was the most perfect and the largest window glass 
establishment in the state. In 1892 the Tilly ers were 
forced to liquidate, the works were taken under foreclo- 
sure and sold to the Whitneysof Glassboro, w'ho convert- 
ed them into a bottle manufactory. 

The Chenille works of W. Nicol were secured for Vine- 
land through the Board of Trade in 1894. The Trades- 
men's Bank also had its origin with this Board, which also 
in 1897 aided in establishing the F'lint Glass Manufactur- 
ing Co., for the production of glass tubing and rods. 
The President of the Board in 1897 is B. F. Ladd, and 
Dr. F. H. Walls is Secretary. 



MANUFACTURES AND TRADE. 

TTTHE largest manufacturing industry is shoe-making, 
'*! which is confined to making shoes for women and 
children. David Cunningham, of Philadelphia, came to 
Vineland in 1863 and established the first shoe-factory. 
He was followed by others, as J. M. Wiswell at Sixth 
and Landis, and Lucius Demmon in Landis's Mill in 
1868. Business on a larger scale was carried on for many 
years by Thos. H. Proctor from r872 on the North Boul- 
evard; by Thos. H. Hawkins from 1870 at Sixth and 
Almond streets; and by J. H. Hunt from 1874 on Landis 
Avenue, who bought out Chas. A. Birkinshaw. Grad- 
ually all this business concentrated in the five concerns 
that exist to-day. Of these the largest is the factory of 
Charles Keighley & Sons. The head of this house, a 
native of Bradford, England, after three years of mer- 
chandising in l"hiladelphia, came to Vineland in 1873 
rnd purchased a faim. Not pleased with it and being a 
practical shoe-maker, he f( und employment with T, H. 
Proctor. In 1875 he started in business for himself in 
two rented rooms at Sixth and Almond Streets, with "a 
few machines and a little leather. ' ' Thence he removed 
to Sixth Street and Landis Avenue, and then to the cor- 
ner of the Boulevard and Montrose Street, where frequent 
enlargements of his buildings were made. Tiring of the 
additions required by his growing business, he began in 
[884 the erection of a brick four storied factory on Sixth 

f>3 



64 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

and Montrose Streets, 35 feet wide by 128 in length; but 
the necessity for addition still pursued him, and he du- 
plicated this building on the south, connecting them by 
an L, 60x20, adding in 1895 the old shops of T. H. Haw- 
kins. This plant is equipped with the latest improve- 
ments of machinery, with automatic fire extinguishers, 
and with a private system of electric lights. Though 
chiefi}^ engaged in making women's and children's shoes, 
this house has taken government contracts for the army. 
It has 51,000 feet of floor space, employs 450 hands and 
is running at the rate of 1500 pairs a day. 

In 1892 Mr. Keighley admitted his sons, Wm. B. and 
C. Percy, as partners. William has also entered upon 
the manufacture of specialties in shoe-machinery under 
patents covering his own inventions He gives them the 
trade-mark of " Pyrasphinx, " and is now producing 
mechanisms for "buifing" for ''perforating and pinking" 
and for "polishing and cleaning." 

In 1885 Harry Chandler left the foremanship of 
Keighley's cutting room and began business for himself 
in a frame building, 22x40, on Montrose street, where 
his present factory stands, then using only hand work. 
Not long after he erected a brick shop, 30x60, which has 
been subsequently enlarged, until now the factory is 32X 
160, with the original building, now used as a packing 
room, placed as an L in the rear. These works ara 
equipped with the latest improved machinery and are 
running at the rate of 800 pairs a day. 

John Northrop, a Yorkshire man and a son-in-law of 
R. C. Souder, whose house he occupies, who had been 
book-keeper for his relative, Mr. Keighley, also started a 
shoe-factory in 1887 on the site of Mr. Keighley's first 
shop on Montrose Street. Here he erected a brick two- 
story building 30x50, equipped it with the best grade of 
mechanicisms, and has a daily out put of 300 pairs. 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 65 

In 1 89 1 John R. Potts, who had come from Stamford, 
Conn., to Vineland for health's sake, and had kept a 
grocer}- here for two or three years, bought out the busi- 
ness of Joseph Mason and built a fine brick factory, 30x1 oo 
just north of the Central R. R. and west of the Boulevard. 
This building has a high basement in which W. W. 
Whiting carries on the manufacture of insoles and heels. 
Above are two stories fitted with the latest mechanical 
appliances with a capacity for 1200 pairs a day. It is 
now running 600 pairs. 

W. A. Daggett & Co. are also in the business in a 
small way at their factory on the Boulevard. 

Dry Goods. Miss Abby F. Leavitt, of Exeter, N. 
H., and Miss Victoria C. Sherburne (now Mrs. T. B. 
Welch), of Barrington, N. H., came together to Vineland, 
the 4th Sept. 1864, and opened the first distinctively 
dry goods store, under the name of "Ladies Store," in a 
frame store built b}' themselves at the northeast corner 
of Fourth Street and Landis Avenue; then they trans- 
ferred their business to Mechanics' block, east of the 
Boulevard, until they completed in 1866 a new building 
on the south side of Landis Avenue, near Sixth Street, 
now occupied as a crockery store. In May 1869 the firm 
occupied its new three storied brick building, 40x70, the 
most commodious store in town, the third floor of which, 
was made into a hall and leased for ten years to the Free 
Masons. In 1894 Miss Leavitt sold out her interest to 
her partner and the next year opened a similar store in a 
building east of the Post Office, the second floor of which 
under the name of Temperance Hall, she had long dedi- 
cated to the cause of the Women's Christian Temperance 
Union. 

There are two other prosperous dry goods stores; one 
conducted by R. K. Williams, a native of Highland, 
Ulster County, N. Y., who opened his Vineland business 



66 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

in 1883 near the Ladies' Store, and the other by Mrs. C. 
T. Wesley, who began in 1887 in a store a few doors east 
of Mr. WilHams' place. She is a daughter of Ridgewa}^ 
Thomas, who came from Elizabeth, N. J., to \^ineland in 
1868 as an invalid and survived the change only a year. 

Pearl Buttons. This industry began in 1865 with 
David James, who had been a button-maker previoush' in 
Newark, N. J. His factory was on his farm at Brewster 
Road and Maple Avenue, where he is said to have em- 
ployed about 25 persons. For a year his business was in 
the hands of Hanson and Bryan, who carried it on in the 
lyandis stone mill; then Mr. James resumed it and con- 
tinued it until his death. 

About 1880 E. O. Miles & Co., started a factory on 
the Boulevard near Plum Street, w^here 40 hands were 
employed and $700 worth of goods were produced weekly. 
This concern passed into the hands of Thomas Jones, 
who came from Birmingham, England, to Philadelphia 
in 1858 and engaged in business there. In 1878 he re- 
moved to a South Vineland farm, but in 1882 he built his 
present button-factory on Montrose Street, near Fourth, 
where he employs 20 hands and produces 1200 gross of 
pearl buttons a week, importing his shells from the trade 
sales in London. 

E. R. White entered upon this line of business in 
1890, renting rooms in the Gage Tool Co. works. He 
removed thence to Keighley's factory and later to the 
Daggett building, where he makes about 800 gr( ss a 
week. 

Builders' Material. Paine and Mabbett opened 
the first sash and blind factory in Vineland, in 1865. ^"^ 
the Mabbetts retained an interest in it until D. A. New- 
ton & Co., who started in 1876, obtained control of it and 
of the other mills of this character in Vineland. In Sep- 
tember, 1870. Kimball & Prince bought out Mr. Newton, 




RESIDENCE OF JAMES LOU(;HRAN, SIXTH AND ELMER STREETS 




KIMBALL AND PRINCE, LUMBER YARD 




MILL OF KLMBALL .^- PRINCE, BOULEVARD AND ALMOND STREET 




RESIDENCE OF CHAS. KEKIHLEV, SEVEN IH AND ALMOND STREETS 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 67 

and have since continued and enlarged the business. It 
has become the pioneer lumber-yard, factory, and agency 
for builders' supplies, and does the largest trade of any 
concern of this character in South Jersey, having branches 
in Millville and Avalon. There is scarcely a building of 
any magnitude or pretension in Vineland for which they 
have not furnished the builders' suppHes. 

Of the senior members of the firm, John Prince, of 
Maine, settled in Vineland in 1864 and established a lum- 
ber-yard on the Boulevard at Montrose Street. Myron J. 
Kimball of Wallingford, Vt., came two years later and 
found employment with Earl & Buttrickin their lumber- 
yard on Landis Avenue, near Seventh street, and after- 
wards with D. A. Newton, until he formed a partnership 
with Mr. Prince. Each of these men have admitted a 
son into the firm, which manufactures doors, sash, blinds 
frames for all sorts of openings, mouldings and brackets, 
and deals in lumber, lime, cement and supplies for paint- 
ers and glaziers. 

In 186S George W. Eeach established a lumber-mill 
with Richard C. Souder on the west side of Maurice Riv- 
er, near Bradway station. About 1874 his brother, W. 
W. Leach, took Mr. Souder's place in the firm. In 1882 
their mill was burned, but promptly rebuilt. Five years 
later the brothers removed their whole plant and lumber- 
yard to the corner of the Boulevard and Wood Street, 
where they carry on an extensive business in all sorts of 
supplies for builders, painters and glaziers. 

Robert Pond, a dealer in coal and fertilizers, built a 
saw-mill in 1882, which was burned and restored in 1885. 
For some years he made crates and packing boxes for 
farm produce, but recently has confined his mill to get- 
ting out shingles. 

A. B. Pixley, of Vermont, established in 1888 a 



68 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

planing-mill and lumber-yard near the tracks of the N. 
J. Central R. R. at 6th Street, and deals in all kinds of 
builders' supplies. In 1885 he bought out the lumber 
business of C. D. Brackett. 

Grape Juice. In addition to considerable quantities 
of wine, chiefly made by Italians, of which shipments are 
constantly made to New York, the manufacture and sale, 
in hermetically sealed bottles, of unfermented grape 
juice has grown to be a large industry. It began in 1869 
with Dr. T. B. Welch, who was followed by Dr. E. R. 
Tuller until his death in 1891. The Welch house be- 
came the firm of E. C. Welch & Co. in 1875, which in 
turn was incorporated in 1892 as The Welch Grape Juice 
Co. This Company opened a factory in 1S96 at Watkins, 
N. Y., and it has had 60,000 gallons stored in its vaults 
at a time, which is about two thirds of the entire produc- 
tion of Vineland. Other manufacturers are F. A. Breck, 
who opened a branch in 1897 at Oberlin, Ohio, Col. A. 
W. Pearson, Ellis & Sons, John Maytrott, W. Raische 
and H. Durgin, The grapes used are mostly Concords 
and Ives Seedlings. 

Sanitary Plumbing and Heating. This work is 
carried on in connection with the hardware, roofing and 
agricultural tool trades and is now for the most part in 
the hands of the two large concerns of Lewis W. Gould 
and Read & Avis, both on Landis Avenue, east of the 
railway. 

S. S. Gould, who had been engaged in the tin busi- 
ness at Hanover, N. H., settled in Vineland in 1867. A. 
W. Thorndike, of Vermont birth, came the next year, 
and these two men became partners in the tinning and 
hardware business under the style of Gould & Thorndike. 
In 1874 Lewis W. Gould bought out his father's interest 
with Mr. Thorndike, and two years after S. S. Gould 
opened a new house in the same trade, having his son 




L. W. GOULD S HARDWARE STORE, LANDIS AVENUE, EAST OF BOULEVARI 




I.EAVn r vV SHKRIirKXK, LANDIS AVENUE 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 69 

Milo as partner. Four years later they sold out to Frank 
Cornell. In 1888 Mr. Thorndike withdrew, removing to 
San Diego, California, and the elder Gould returned to 
service with Lewis, who has since carried on the business 
in his own name. He deals in hardware and farmers' 
tools and has the superintendency of the Gas Works. 
His chief enterprises are in all sorts of roofing, in fitting 
out public and private places for gas service, in plumbing 
on superior sanitary lines, in putting up ventilating ap- 
paratus and all appliances for hot-air, hot- water and 
steam heating. 

John Read, born in Kent County, England, settled in 
Vineland in 1865, and started at once in the plumbing 
and hardware business. In 1870 he died, but eight years 
later his son, JohnH. Read, entered on the same business 
in partnership with A. B. Avis, from Salem County, N. 
J., since which time the style of the firm has been Read 
& Avis. They also deal in tin and slate roofing, in hard- 
ware, stoves, furnaces, paints, oils and farm tools; also in 
steam and hot-water heating, gas-fitting and plumbing as 
well as erecting wind-mills. 

Machine Works. The Blaisdell Machine Works at 
the N. E. corner of Sixth street and the N. J. Central R. 
R., are controlled by A. H, Blaisdell, from New Hamp- 
shire, who began this business in 1872 in Eandis's stone 
mill. He moved to quarters of his own the next year at 
the corner of Sixth and Wood Streets, then in 1875 built 
the structure now occupied by the Gage Tool Co. , but in 
1892 erected the present shops. His work is noted for 
Its superior excellence and lasting qualities, and there 
are few machine- or metal- and wood-working shops 
in South Jersey that are not indebted to him for all or a 
part of their fittings, 

These Works manufacture and deal in Steam-engines, 
Boilers, Shafting-hangers, Pulleys, Gearing, Belting, 



yo ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

Valves, Cocks, Water- and Steam-gauges, Gauge-cocks, 
all kinds of Pipe and Fittings, Glass-tools for factories 
and lamp-rooms, Wood and Metal Patterns, Turning, 
Planing, Milling, Drilling, Gear- and Screw-cutting, 
Emery-grinding, Machine forging, Castings and all sorts 
of repairing and jobbing. 

Adam Weaber, a brass founder and smelter, estab- 
lished his business in Vineland in 1884 on Landis Ave., 
west of Fourth Street. He owns the patent for and man- 
ufactures the Eureka Sprayer, used for the destruction of 
insect and fungous pests of vegetation. It is borne on a 
man's back and with it a solution of insecticides or fungi- 
cides can be sprayed on grape or potato vines as fast as 
the bearer can walk through them. 

Gage Tool Works. About 1883 J. P. Gage, a son 
of John Gage who came from northern Illinois to Vine- 
land in 1868 and made large farm investments, patented 
and began the manufacture of the "Gage Self-Setting 
Plane,'' noted for its excellent cutting quality and the nice 
adjustments of its bits. The factory is on the west side 
of the Boulevard at the corner of Pear Street. 

W. A. Daggett & Co., a firm consisting of father 
and son, manufacture another Vineland specialty, namely, 
the Daggett Baking-pan, for which it holds the patent. It 
consists of two sheet-iron pans that lock together at the 
ends, so that the contents of the pan are baked in their 
own juices. The business began in 1883 on a small scale 
on Park Avenue, whence it was removed to Wood Street. 
Now it is carried on in a brick three-storied building, 
with a high basement, 49x93 feet, completed in 1887, 
equipped with specialized machinery, and having the ca- 
pacity to turn out about 3000 pans each month. 

Glass Industry. Some history of the founding of 
this manufacture is given under the Board of Trade in 
the Chapter on "Financial Institutions." These fac- 




'iiiiiiiiiimnirir 



RESIDENCE OF H. CHAXDEER, ^E\ E-\ 1 H AM) MON TRObE S'i'REETS 




SHOE FACTORY OF H. CHANDLER, MONTROSE STREET, NEAR SEVENTH 




RESIDENX'E OF J. K. I'ul 1>, KAM AVENUE, NEAR PARK 




GRUNK HOUSE, LANDIS AVENUE, NEAR EAST 



ILIvUSTRATED VINEIvAND. 7 I 

tories owe their location here to the negotiations of the 
Board of Trade, and both are on the northeast of the 
Borough, new streets having been laid out about them 
and mau}^ new dwellings erected near. The Vineland 
Glass Manufacturing Co. was started in 1892 by the 
Applegates who entered upon the production of what is 
known in the trade as green-ware. In 1897 these Works 
were leased by the Vineland Flint Glass Manufacturing 
Co., of which Victor Durand is the President and Victor, 
Jr., the Secretary. A new furnace was built and the 
Company is engaged in making glass tubing and rods, 
having clinical and thermometer tubes for specialties. 

RuCxS AND Chenille. Thomas Hirst, the original 
manufacturer of Smyrna rugs, was born in England. 
Previous to coming to Vineland, he manufactured rugs 
at Janvier, N. J. , a place not having the advantages of a 
manufacturing city. Mr. Hirst came to Vineland to ne- 
gotiate with the Board of Trade for five acres of land, 
southeast corner of the Boulevard and Chestnut Avenue, 
and a factory, 32x120, and frame dye house, 50x32. The 
above was not to exceed a certain cost and was paid for 
in the specified time. He moved his looms and machi- 
nery to Vineland in April, 1888. In this same year Mr. 
Hirst erected a two-story brick boiler-house and 50 foot 
chimney. In 1889 he built a two-story brick factory, 
size, 32x138. In 1890 he built another two-story brick 
factory, 41x187, and also a brick building 50x46, con- 
necting these two factories. 

In 1892 he built a brick dye-house, 50x70, and dry- 
ing room. 18x46, and also a double brick chimney 99 ft. 
high. These mills, in full operation, require the ser- 
vices of 350 employees. 

The Chenille Works of W. Nicol are located on 4th 
Street, west of J. R. Pott's factory, and were opened in 
1894. He is from Clarkmannanshire, Scotland, and 



72 ILLUSTRATED VIXELAND. 

came to Vineland in 1893. His building is of brick, 
30x100, contains 12 looms, and employs 30 hands. The 
goods made are table covers and portieres, for which Mr. 
Nicol weaves his own chenille, and he is able to turn out 
$24,000 worth of fabrics a year. 

Bicycles. There are a half-dozen vendors of bicycles 
in Vineland, besides two concerns that build on patterns 
of their own. 

In 1892 Christian Gaul engaged in this business, first 
opening a shop for repairs and to furnish supplies for 
wheelmen. He soon after produced mechanisms of his 
own building and organized the Glide Cycle Co., for their 
manufacture, which carries on its manufacture in the 
Erickson building, and sells 125 wheels a year. 

In 1894 C. W. Pearson entered upon this business in 
Vineland. His shop is on 6th Street near Landis Ave- 
nue where he builds "Pearson's Special," as well as deals 
in repairs, supplies and second hand machines. The an- 
nual production of his shop is about one hundred wheels. 

Smithing. The principal iron-workers of Vineland 
have generally added to blacksmithing a large business 
in Wagon and Carriage making and repairing, and in 
dealing with heavy farm-tools and machines. The pio- 
neer in this line was Pardon Gilford, from Dartmouth, 
Mass., who, about 1890, retired to his fine farm at Main 
and Maple Avenues. He came to Vineland in 1862 and 
bought five acres at the corner of East and Park Avenues, 
which he at once improved. At the same time he opened 
a shop on Sixth Street above Landis Avenue, and for a 
time did business with a partner as Gifford & Hammond. 

John Hoffman, of Boston, Mass., opened a similar 
shop opposite Gifford 's in April 1886. He continued 
business there thirty years, bringing up to it his sons, 
Edward H. and Joseph D., the former of whom added to 
it considerable work in machinerv and machine tools. 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 73 

The business is now carried on by Joseph. 

Frank Lore, of Salem County, N. J., after seiving 
with EH Pearson in a shop opposite the Baker House, 
went into the business there for himself in 1875. Five 
years later he built his present establishment on Landis 
Avenue, near Seventh Street, equipped for all sorts of 
blacksmithing, wagon building and repairing. 

R. C. Parvin & Co., who established a business at 
Forest Grove in 1878, three years later manufactured 
iron wagons under a patent of his own in Vineland Bor- 
ough, but four years later moved away. 

Others still engaged in the business are the wagon- 
builder, S. S. Cranmer, at East Avenue and Eighth St., 
the wheelwright, Thos. Johnson, and the smith, John E. 
Dennery, both on Landis Avenue, east of Frank Lore's. 

Brick. A. K. Hobart, born in Syracuse, N. Y., 
settled in Vineland in 1868, on East Ave., north of Oak 
Road, where there are extensive beds of brick-clay. With 
his brother, whom he bought out in 1880, he opened a 
brick yard under the style of Hobart Bros. & Co. These 
long established brick-works are still in operation, turn- 
ing out several varieties, and a large number of the brick 
edifices of Vineland have been supplied from these yards. 
At Clayville, just below South Vineland, is an excellent 
material chiefly manufactured into drain tiles and the 
perforated brick so extensively used in the partition 
walls of steel-frame buildings in modern days. 



NEWSPAPERS. 

JOURNALISM seems to have been a favored pursuit of 
Vinelandeis. The following is a list of those that 
have arisen there: 

Viyieland Rural; monthly; published by C. K. Landis; 
founded in 1862; ceased in June, 1879. 

Vineland Weekly; founded. 6th Sept., 1865; M. C. 
and F, P. Crocker proprietors and editors; long a com 
manding journal; con.solidated with the hidepe7ident in 
1880 

Vmeland Independent; a weekly; founded in 1867; ed- 
ited by E. H. Hale and Wm. Taylor; pas.sed to parties 
who sold to Uri Curruth, after whose death it was in 
charge of C. B. Bagster, then E A. Teall, from whom it 
went through E.G.Blaisdell to Wilbur & Dodge. Dodge 
retired in 1876. and in 1880 H. W. Wilbur consolidated 
it with the Weekly and the Advertiser. Afterwards he 
sold it to W. V. Iv. Siegman, who died in 1893, when it 
was bought by J. J. Streeter and turned into a Populist 
organ. 

Vineland Advertiser, founded by A. G and O. D. 
Warner in 1868. In June of the same year its name was 
changed to tHe Vineland Democrat, Refusing to support 
Horatio Seymour for the presidency it went over to Gen. 
Grant, lost its party standing and was obliged soon to 
relinquish the field. 

A second journal of the same name was founded in 
1874 by Thomson and Ellis. For a few months in the 
next yea! it issued a daily edition. In 1879 it became 
74 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 75 

the property of W. V. L. Siegman, and in 1878 of W. E. 
Cansdell, who united with it a Clayton paper, but in 1880 
sold it to Wilbur of the Independents 

The Ei'ening Journal^ founded in June, 1875, by Wal- 
ter K. Cansdell, was the first daily published in Vineland. 
He sold it the next year to Ladd & Spencer, but Spencer 
retired in 1879 and B. F. Ladd remained its proprietor 
and editor. It is now in the same hands and has become 
the "oldest daily in South Jersey." It is Democratic in 
politics. Its owner has connected with it a job-printing 
office, and is a partner with T, B. Steele in a real estate 
and insurance agency. 

The Daily Times was started 17th Nov., 1877, by Mr. 
and Mrs. J. B. Duffey. In 18S0 they began a weekly 
edition, but in 1882 they sold out to Hamilton & French. 

The Morning Neivs^ founded by Hamilton & French, 
began 29th Oct. , 1881. The next year Mr. T. French 
purchased The Daily Times and the consolidated papers 
took the name of The News-Times. It was a daily and 
ceased in 1886. 

The Telephone, a Prohibition daily; founded by H. 
W. Wilbur in 1887; ceased the following year. 

Mason Monthly^ founded in 1885 by Joseph Mason; 
devoted to real estate and local history; sold in 1890 to 
L. S. Mulford, who employed W. W. Crotzer as editor; 
in 1 89 1 the name was changed to Afo7ithlj> Recorder, and 
in 1893 it became a weekly; rapidly passed through sev- 
eral hands. In 1896 G. W. Croscup bought it a-nd con- 
solidated it with the Welcome Guest, the next year 
uniting them with the Every Saturday, 

The Outlook, a weekly Prohibition paper, founded by 
H. W. Wilbur. In 1S96 he became editor of The Voice^ 
published in New York, but The Outlook he has con- 
tinued as a monthly since ist Jan., 1897. 



76 ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

The Welcome Guest, a weekly founded by R. A. Wil- 
liams in 1892. It was subsequently united with The 
Recorder under the style The Recorder and Welcome Guest. 
Every Saturday was founded by Arthur Russell in 
1891, who sold it to G. W. Croscup, its present proprietor 
and editor, in 1897. 

The Neivs, a weekly published on Saturdays, found- 
ed by the Miller Bros, in 1889, who still control it as a 
Democratic paper. 

The Educator, a weekly; founded in Dec. 1896, by L. 
F. Fuller, in the interest of social reforms. 



SOCIETIES. 

TT7HE ViNELAND Historical and Antiquarian So- 
1 CIETY was organized 6th Jan., 1864. In 1893, 
through the generosity of J. S. Shepard, the present 
lot was purchased on Seventh Street below Elmer, on 
which D. F. Morrill placed at his charges a building he 
had put up for a studio. A brick extension was after- 
wards added. This Society was incorporated in 1868; in 
1876 it united with the Library Association, which had 
been formed in 1867, to maintain a reading room and 
circulating library. Ultimately the Historical Society 
came into sole possession of the books, and in 1897 it had 
3300 bound volumes and over 2000 pamphlets, with a 
large collection of pictures and relics of Vineland's ar- 
chaic age. President, D. F. Morrill; Secretary, F. D. 
Andrews. 

Ladies Flora Society was formed 28th Dec, 1864 
with Mrs. P. Wilson as President. It occupies its own 
pretty hall on Elmer Street, in the rear of the Unitarian 
Church, and has had a continuous activity. It meets ev- 
ery Saturday to encourage floriculture and to give or ex- 
change seeds and plants. Its President is Mrs. Cone. 

Humane Societies. In 1.S75 a Society for the Pre- 
vention of Cruelty to Animals was organized by T, W. 
Braidwood, and for many years it extended its care to 
neglected children. Its present President is the Rev. Dr. 
R. B. Moore. In 1893 the Children's Aid Society was 
formed with Mrs. A. C. Bristol as President and it be- 



77 



jS ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 

came at once incorporated. It is empowered to take the 
custody of children exposed to cruelty or neglect, and it 
acts in cooperation with the Children's Home Society. 
In 1897 its President was Mrs. C. L- Sykes and its Sec- 
retary Miss Minnie Capen. In 1895 a Local Advisory 
Board of the New Jersey Division of the National Child- 
ren's Home Society was formed in Vineland under the 
Presidency of Rev. C. A. Brewster. Its object is to find 
children needing homes, and homes for needy children. 
Children placed out are kept under the control and in- 
spection of the State Society. 

Bicycling. In 1890 the "Vineland Wheelmen" be- 
came the name of an Association belonging to the New 
Jersey Division of the League of American Wheelmen, an 
organization of amateurs. With this local Society the 
annual "Meet" of the State Division of the League was 
held 27th June, 1892 in Vineland. This Society is now 
merged in a Path Association which has entered on the 
construction of paths to principal towns and resorts 
through sections lacking in good roads. 

Free Masons. The order of P'ree and Accepted 
Ma.sons was introduced into Vineland in 1865. It now 
meets in a hall over Weston's store, on Landis Ave., east 
of Sixth St. Eugene Kimball was Master of Lodge in 
1897. It is called Vineland Lodge, No. 69. There is 
also of this order the Eureka Chapter, No. 18, of the 
Royal Arch Masons, that meets in the same place. 

Odd Fellows. The Hobah Lodge of the Indepen- 
dent Order of Odd Fellows was formed about 1866. Al- 
lied to it are the Vineland Encampment, No. 54, and the 
Canton Vineland, No. 9. They all meet in Hall, at the 
corner of Landis Avenue and Sixth Street. 

Grand Army of the Republic is represented by 
Lyon Post No. 10, with which is affiliated the Lieut. B. 
H. Porter Camp, No. 13, of the Sons of Veterans, and 



ILLUSTRATED VIN ELAND. 79 

these organizations of women: The Woman's Relief Corps 
and the U. S. Grant Circle, No. 19. of the Ladies of the 
G. A. R. These all meet statedly in G. A. R. Hall. 

Temperance Societies. The Independent Order 
of Good Templars was organized in 1866, and meets every 
week in Hoffman's Hall. The Woman's Christian Tem- 
perance Union formed an Association in 1880, Miss Abby 
F. Leavitt being the first President. She was succeeded 
by Mrs. Martha Keighley, the present incumbent. 

Beneficial Societies are numerous, but the fol- 
lowing are the more important: Muskee Tribe, No. 125, 
Improved Order of Red Men, with which is associated 
the women's branch called Nuska Council, No. 28, De- 
gree of Pocahontas; Acme Council, No. 3, of the Order 
of Chosen Friends; Vineland Castle, No. 46, of the 
Knights of the Golden Eagle; Relief Council, No. 534, of 
the Royal Arcanum; Perseverance Council, No. 30, of 
the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, with 
which is associated the Lucy Webb Hayes Council, No. 
12, of the Daughters of Liberty; Kedron Commandery of 
Knights of Malta; Knights of Honor; a male and female 
branch of the Iron Hall of Baltimore; the Vineland Circle 
No, 15. and the Columbia Home, No. 4, both of the 
Brotherhood of the Union; and a Conclave of the Hep- 
tasophs. 

The City Silver Band, a reorganization in 1896 of 
the Keighley Cornet Band of 1879, equipped with new 
uniforms and silver instruments; consists of twenty mem- 
bers of whom W. B. Keighley is band-master and L. W. 
Gould the business manager. 

Base Ball. The Vineland Club, reorganized in 
1896, leases the block northwest of Second and Wood 
Streets, and plays matched games on Saturday and holiday 
afternoons. It belongs to the South Jersey League, 
which includes Bridgeton.Millville, Vineland and Clayton. 



8o ILLFvSTRATED VINELAND. 

Illustrations for Business Men. 



O. H. Adams, M. D., 

PHYSICIAN and SUKGEOX. EYES A SPECIALTY. 

Sixth Street afjove Land is Avenue. 

A. P. Arnold, 

GROWER or SPRING CHICKENS, FRUIT, SWEET POTATOES. 

Malaga Road near Oak. 

P. P. Baker .^ Pres. Wildwood Iviprovement Co. , 

TREAS. CEDAR VALLEY GOLD AND SILVER MINING CO. 

/,.15 Drerel Building, Piiiladelphia, Pa 

Baker Hoiise^ S. R. Fowler Proprietor, 

PERMANENT AND TRANSIENT GUESTS. 

Landis Avemie. 

A. H. BlaisdeW s Machine Works, 

Sixth Street and X. J. Central K. R- 

Harry Chandler, 

MANUFACTURER OF WOMEN S AND MISSES SHOES. 

H30 Montrose Street 

Edson & Unsworth, (^Palace Stables) 

DEALERS IN HORSES, CARRIAGES, WAGONS, ETC. 

l.M Landi.s Arc. 

Theo. Foote, M. D., 

HOMEOPATHIC PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON. 

Olliee and Resiilenee, i>.)f> Wood Street. 

Feicis IV. Gould, 

HARDWARE. PLUMBING, ROOFING, PAINTS. 

'>.i7 Landis A venue. 



Grove House, 



Thos. Hirst, 



PERMANE.NT AND TRANSIENT GUESTS. 

Landis .Avenue near East. 



MANUFACTURER OF SMYRNA RUGS. 

Last lioulerard atid Chestnut Avenne. 



Chas. Keighlcy &" Sons, 

MANUFACTURER OF WOMEN S AND MISSES SHOES. 

Sixth and Montrose Streets, 



ILLUSTRATED VINEI.AND. 8 1 

Kimball & Prince, 

PIONEER DEALER IN BUILDERS SUPPLIES. 

Eaat Boulevard and Almond Street. 

B. F. Ladd, of Ladd & Steele, 

PROPRIETOR AND EDITOR OF "THE EVENING JOURNAL". 

Real h'statr and Insurance Agents. 

6ii5 Landis Avenue. 



C. A" Landis, Founder, 

Real Estate, Vin 

Leach & Bro 



Real Estate, Vineland, Land is Tocunship, Sea Isle and Whale Beach, pop Sale. 

riOO Landis Avenue. 



DEALERS IN BUILDING SUPPLIES. 

IJast Boulevard and Wood Street. 

Leavitt & Sherbtiryie, {^Ladies Store) 

DRY GOODS, FANCY GOODS, MILLINERY. 

529 and 5.31 Landis Avenue. 

James Loiighran & Son, 

GENERAL INSURANCE AGENTS, PRODUCE SHIPPERS. 

6/f2 Landis Avenue. 

National Ba?ik, Vineland, 

5A2 Landis Ave lue. 

John Northrop, Residence 221 S. Eighth St., 

MANUFACTURER OF WOMEN'S AND MISSES' SHOES. 

East Boulevard and Montrose Sti eet. 



E. A. Pierce. 



GROCERIES AND TRUCK, TEA A SPECIALTY. 

5m lAindis Avenue- 

John R. Potts, 

MANUFACTURER OF WOMEN'S AND MISSES' SHOES, 

West Boulevard and Pear Street. 

Read and Avis, 

HARDWARE, PLUMBING, ROOFING, WINDMILLS. 

637 Landis Avenue 

The Tradesmen s Bank, 

628 Landis Avenue 

Frank A. Walls, D. D. S., 

Offiee Over Bengal Tea Store, Residenee Myrtle Ave. 



82 



ILLUSTRATED VINELAND. 



"MUSIC HATH CHARMS" 




-^...3^ 



AND SO HATH ART 

—(of the sort that we produce). We'll DESIGN and 
ENGRAVE anything from a business card to a poster, 
in a manner that will charm anyone who is a lover of the 
beautiful. MAY WE CHARM YOU? 

Electro=Tlnt Engraving Co., 

Designers and Engravers by All Methods, 

723 Sansom St., Phila., Pa. 
Half-tone, Zinc-etching and 
Three-color Process. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 




Real Estate and Insurance Office. 



Ladd & Steele. 

Real Estate 

AND 

Insurance Agents. 

Fruit and Poultry Farms, Resi- 
dences, Business Properties, 
and Unimproved Lands for 
sale. 

Particular attention given to the searching 
of titles. 

LOANS NEGOTIATED. 
I^^Carriages in waiting for 
the convenience of prospective 
purchasers without charge. 



^Y AND FANCY GOODS, 

\ 631 and 633 Landis Ave. 0pp. Baker House. 

Fine J^b Printing^-^x 

h.ices as ^s Good Printing can be produced. 

I^ewifc Iv. Btaclcminster, 

Decker's Block, Vmeland. 



Jj 



f^^ 



Ice, . Coal, . ^^'o^- . and . Lime. 

O^ce a?id Yard, jfid St. E. of Boulevard. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



JAMES CHANCE, 

Also Wood, Sawed and Split. 

Office — 607 Grape St,, Cor. E. BouL, Vineland, N.J. 



W. F. TOWER, 

62y Landis Avenue, Vi?ie/a7id N.J. 

...Interior . Decorations... 

Wall Papers, Window Shades Oil Cloths. 

CARPETS, MATTINGS, LINOLEUMS. 
MODERN IDEAS, GOOD SELECTION. FAIR PRICES, 

Paper Hanging promptly attended to. 
Picture Frames made to order. Nice assortment Mouldings. 



C. P. I.ORD, 

Mayor and Justice of the Peace. 

Commissioner of Deeds. Notary Public. 

COLLECTIONS MADE. PENSION VOUCHERS EXECUTED. 
Ojffice, Erickson^s B'ld^y. lie.sidencc, 508 Plum St. 

We Giiarantt'e S(/H((rr Dcalitui in All Euxinms Trcuisdcfions. 

South Jersey Real Estate, Fire and Life 
Insurance, Employment and Collec= 
tion Agency ,i ^-^ 

Loans Negotiated on Bond and Mortgage. 

Property Rented and Cared For. 

ROBERT W. JARVIS, 

Office pS J lyieland House, Vi)ielaud, N. J. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. HI 



John T. Michael, 



-^ BOOKBINDER ^ 

and Wfwlefsalc Dealer in 

♦ Paper aod Envelopes. 

434 Liandis Avenue, 

VINELAND, N. J. 

fpypGWrifers, \iQvO and Second-hand. 

Typewriter Ribbons and Carbon Papers. 
Anderson's Shorthand Typewriter with all Instructions. 

Writing Pads and Tablets in stock and made to order. 
RoU Wrapping Paper and Holders for Roll Papers. 



PHILIP P. BAKER, Pres. SEAMAN R. FOWLER. Vice Pres. (iEO. DAVIDSON, Cashier. 

THE TBIDESMEHS BIIIK. 

Accounts of Corporations, Merchants and others 
received on favorable terms, and every facilitv and 
and advantage granted consistent with conservative 
Banking. 

Items intrusted to us will receive the utmost care 
and attention. 

Your Account Solicited. 



iv ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Vineland Co=operative 
Society. 



This society commenced business Feb. 21, 1891, and was in- 
corporated under the laws of New Jersey, March 23rd 1893, a"<^ 
is therefore in its 7th year of business activity. Through all 
these years of general business depression, its trade has steadily 
increased and its prosperity advanced, and it claims to have earn- 
ed the right to be recognized as an established Vineland business 
society. Modern machinery and methods have driven the indi- 
vidual man to the wall, and no man now is able to go it alone. 
Combination and co-operation are necessary to meet these new 
conditions, and organized labor is now essential to success. Thus 
far labor has been organized by the wealthy and crafty few, and 
the fountains of wealth have well-nigh been dammed, and its 
streams made to flow into the capitalists' reservoir, to be utilized 
to create more wealth for the wealthy. Legislation cannot 
change this mode of development nor turn back this evolution 
of our race, but trusts can be met by trusts, combinations b^- 
combinations, the co-operation of capital by the co-opt ration of 
labor, until in the good time coming labor will possess the wealth 
it creates. Co-operation is counter to competition, and tends to 
eliminate the evil side of human selfishness, and to make one 
willing to give the other fello\\ an equal chance. The Co-opera- 
tive Society greets the laboring citizens of Vineland, leaving in 
their hands the weal of the Society, hoping tliat their co-opera- 
tion may become an established fact in A'ineland. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Agent for Lo7igma7i' s Pure Pahits. 

liewis W. Ssuld, 



H ardware. 



Oil, Gas, Gasoline and Coal Stoves. Heaters and Ranges. 

Pumps, Hydrants, Hose, 

Gas and Water Pipes, Gas, Hot Air and Hot Water Heating, and 
Fitting a Specialty. Tinware and Tin Roofing, and Jobbing. 
Oils, Paints, Varnishes, Gasoline and Headlight Oil. 

Shelf and Heavy Hardv^are. Farm Implements. 

Everything called for in a First-class Hardivare Stoi^e. 
Landis Ave., Yineland, N. J. 

Jas. Loughran & Son, 

General Insurance Agents. 

First-class Companies. Rates Reaso7iable. Claims Promptly Paid. 
Master in Chancery and Notary Public. 

Conveyancing in all its branches. 

H. C. HARVEY, 

Furniture, Carpets, Oil Cloths, Mattings, 

Linoleum, etc. 
All the West Jersey trains stop at Harvey's. 

IVIISS E. J. V^ARRINER, 

Teacher . of . Piano . and . Or^an. 

Pupils zvell grounded in Classical Music. 

Thorough Bass and Harmony. Pupils jjre pared for teaching. 

No. 8 N. Boulevard. 



VI ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Ghas. flt/eFY, 



House . Painter . and . Decorater. 

Graining and Sign Painting a Specialty. 

ti4l Ijjiiidis Avenue. 



CUNO BECKER, 

Fancy and Staple Groceries, Fresh and Salt Meats. 

617 Landis Av«., Vineland, N, J. 

Model Greenhouse and Milk Dairy, East Avenue and Plum Street. 

Jlemlijuai tern for Seeds 0/ all kinds, and (rroirer of and Dealt r in all kinds 
of Flower and VeAjetable Plants. 



E. A. Pierce, 

Staple . ai^d . pancy . Groceries. 

All Truck in Season. 

Shipper of Fruit and Produce. 

CTSUMNER STEVENS, 

Merchant . Tailor, 

Bank Building, Vineland, N. J. 

Dr. A. C. Taylor, ^ 



Druggist and Ai>othecary. 

Great Care in Coupouiudiiig Prescriptions. 

543 Landis Ave., Vineland, N. J. 



TROY STEAM I AIINDRY, ^^ 

.^"s West Landis Ave. 

Steam Dyers and Dry Cleaners. 

Work Guaranteed. 
TROY FINISH. GLOSS FINISH. TERMS C. 0. D. 

F. L. WORDEN «& CO. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



John A. Ackley, Auctioneer, 

9 and 11 N. 6th St., Yineland, N. J. 

Auction Sales of Personal Property every Saturday at 2 p. m. 

Special Attention given to Outside Satesi. 
Household Goods, Pianos, etc. Stored and Insured at Reasonable Rates. 




Send 10c. in Stamps for Birds-eye 
View and History of Vineland. 



^^ 



Jai'Vi? Wander, 

Real Estate 



Insurance Agency. 

Eitablithed 1878. 

614 Landis Ave., 

Vineland, N. J. 

All kinds of Property Bought, Sold 
and Exchanged. 

<^ 

Rents and Interest Collected, Money 
to Loan on Mortgages. 



Choice Qlass= and China=ware. 



General House Furnishing Goods. 

isene Stoves, Refrigerators, etc. at low pri 
fine a stock as any in South Jersey. 

IVI. R, Oliphant, 540 Landis Ave. 



Gas, (3il, and Kerosene Stoves, Refrigerators, etc. at low prices. Best Line of 
Toys in town. As fine a stock as any in South Jersey. 



LA MODE. 

I. E. BOYNTON 6: CO., 



The 



Leading popular' HillinBi'? of Viijeland 



Ladies' and Children's Wrappers, Shirt Waists, Infant Wardrobes. 
CORSETS A SPECIALTY. 603 Landis Avc. 



Vlll ADVERTISEMENTS. 



BRAY'S PURE GRAPE JUICE, 

Preserved Without Boiling and without the addition of 
and substance to prevent fermentation. 

I will ship you direct from factory a case of one dozen quarts for S4.(H). two 
dozen pints for $4.50, or three dozen half pints for .$3.75. 

J. F. BRAY, Vineland, N. J. 



Marcus Fry, 

Civil . Engineer . and . Land . Surveyor 

VINELAND, N^J^ 

^^^-^Felix S. S. Johnson, ^^:>^ 

Pension Attorney, = Patent Claim Agent, 

Notary Public. 

Rejected, Neo;Iected and Difficult Claims a Specialty. 
6 North Boulevard, _^ Vineland, N. J. 

fl. J. WiShbuFi^, 

Notary Public. 

PENSION AGENT. 

6th and Landis Avenue. 



A. BOTT & COm 

Upliolstering aiad Carpet I^ayiog. 

MATTRESSES RENOVATED. FURNITURE REPAIRED. 

Antitjue Furniture Scraped and liefinisiied. 

Shop and Resideiife, 522 Wood St., Vi)irhi)ii/, 



f Geo. C. Livezly, 






Fancy Print Butter and Strictly Fresh Eggs. 

Agent for the Grand Union Tea Co., N. Y. 

All Goods Delivered Daily , and (iuarantecd 
315 North 7th Street, Vineland, New Jersey. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



IX 



OLDEST UNDERTAKING ESTABLISHMENT IN VINELAND. 



L. M. WHITE 



TJndertak:er . eind . Eii^balmer. 

Able Assistants. 

B13 Landis RvE., UinEland. N. J. 



Established imn 



Telephone No. 32. 



5IDWELL & CO., Druggists. 

Prompt and careful atte^ition to Orders by TelcpJione as well as Others. 
525 Landis Ave., Vineland, N. J. 

* BAKER HOUSE * 



VINELAND, N. J. 




A first-class Hotel, 

Thoroughly Heated, 
Broad Piazza and Sun Parlor. 

75 Fine Rooms Well Furnished 

Terms Moderate. 

S. R. Fowler, 

Proprietor. 



-^JOHN P. ]lSH¥ORTH,i- 

|4eWspG\|DGrs ^ and * Ma^a^ines, 



Blank Book^, Statiooerq, etc. 



53d Landis RuEnuE. 



Vll 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Manufacturer of 

CHEMILLE GOODS. 

VINELAND, N. J. 

ALEX. m. TAYLOR, 

Real Estate and Insurance. 

Desirable Farm and City Property for Sale, 
Rent and Exchange. 

Personal Attention given to Care of Property. 

RENTS COLLECTED. MONEY LOANED. 

The leading American and English Insur- 
ance Companies represented. 

Office, 643 Landis Ave., Vineland, N. J. 

Vineland House and Barlow's Restaurant 

Headquarters of L. A, W. 




Cor. Landis and E. Boul. 



WALTER BARLOW. 



I'HILIP P. BAKER, Pies. 



SEAMAN R. FOWLER, Vice Pres. 



GEO. DAVIDSON, Cashier. 



THE TRADESMEN'S BANK. 

Accounts of Corporations. Morchants and others rcccivi'd on faroruhlc tornis 
and every facility and advaiitau^e ^'ranted conslMten t witli conservativ*^ Hanking'. 
Items entrusted to us will receive the utmost cji i-e and al tent Ion. 

Your Accounts Solicited. 

The . Stevens . House, 

Convenient to H- J. Southern and West Jersey Railroads. 

Kir»t-claH« Accomiiiodntioias^. 

Sfircial h'uhw to P,t nianrnt (hies/s. .\'i> /'dins S^aifii to Please 

T. L ABBOTT. PROP- VINELAND, N. J. 



ADVERTISEMENTS. 



XI 



Originated by Us in 1869. Largest Capacity in the Worid. 




Factory, Vineland, N.J. Built 1893. 

The Welch Grape Juice Co., 

Vineland, N. J. 



^ 



Factories Established: 
Vineland, N. J., 1869. Watkins, N. Y., 1896. 



DR. T. B. WELCH, Prest. DR. C. E. WELCH, Secy. 



XI 1 ADVERTISEMENTS. 



Capital $50,000.00. Surplus and Profits $32,000,iii.00. 

THE 

Vineland National Bonk, 

Vineland, N. J. 

M^iV/ be pleased to meet or correspond with those who contemplate 
making chayiges or opening 7ieiv Bank Accounts. 

Call on us before making Investments. 

We are always glad to meet Strangers. 

Interest Paid on Certificates to encourage Small Savings. 
"Bankers' Safety Deposit Boxes" 

to rent. Store your Deeds, Mortgages and Policies. 

We sell and collect Darfts on all parts of the zuorld, and offer every 
facility co?isiste?it with Sonnd Banking. 



E. M. Wanington & Co., 

Prescription Druggists and Chemists. 

Full Line Trus' . We Guarantee Perfect Fit. 

S44 La?idis Ave., Vineland, N. J. 



N. H. Stevens, 
A TTORNEY-A T-La W, 

Solicitor and Master in Chancery. 

Office over Post Office, Landis Ave., \'ineland 

C. F. SMinPH, 

Wat^GhmaKeF aifd Jeweler?. 

Dealer in Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Spectacles etc. 

Repairing a Specialty. lUihrr J[„usr lihuk. VinrUunl. X. J. 



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